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Respiratory Pharmacology

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Respiratory Pharmacology

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    1. Respiratory Pharmacology

    2. Treatment Aimed at Relief of Symptoms Gases Beta Agonists Xanthines Anticholinergics Corticosteroids Neuromuscular Blockers

    3. Gases Oxygen - O2 Decreases hypoxia Reduces the volume of respiration needed Reduces myocardial oxygen demand NO CONTRA-INDICATIONS

    4. Oxygen Nasal Cannula 1-6 liters per minute 24% to 44% FiO2 Simple Face Mask 6-12 liters per minute 40% to 60% FiO2 Nonrebreather Mask 8-12 liters per minute 80% to 100% FiO2 Venturi Mask adjustable FiO2 concentrations

    5. Beta Stimulants Epinephrine Albuterol Isoethraine Metaproterenol Trebutaline Racemic Epinephrine

    6. Epinephrine 1:1,000 Class: Sympathomimetic Actions: Alpha, Beta 1 & Beta 2 Indications: Asthma and reversible bronchospasm in allergic reactions Contraindications: Should be used with caution in cardiac patients or tachycardias

    7. Epinephrine 1:1,000 Precautions: Protect from light Side Effects: Palpitations, anxiety, tremors, nausea and vomiting Dosage: 0.3-0.5 mg SubQ All that wheezes is not asthma and all asthma does not wheeze!!

    8. Albuterol, Proventil, Ventolin Class: Sympathomimetic Actions: Beta 2 selective Indications: Asthma and reversible bronchospasm in COPD Contraindications: Should be used with caution in cardiac patients or tachycardias

    9. Albuterol, Proventil, Ventolin Precautions: Pulse, EKG and BP must be monitored Side Effects: Palpitations, anxiety, dizziness, tremors, sweating, headache Dosage: 1-2 metered sprays (90mcg each) 2.5 mg in 2.5 ml NS over 15-20 minutes nebulized

    10. Isoetharine, Bronkosol Class: Sympathomimetic Actions: Beta 2 selective, increases heart rate Indications: Asthma and reversible bronchospasm in COPD Contraindications: Should be used with caution in cardiac patients or tachycardiac rhythms

    11. Isoetharine, Bronkosol Precautions: Pulse, EKG and BP must be monitored Side Effects: Palpitations, anxiety, dizziness, tremors, sweating, headache Dosage: 0.25-0.5ml in 4ml NS over 15 minutes nebulized

    12. Metaproterenol, Alupent Class: Sympathomimetic Actions: Beta 2 selective, increases heart rate Indications: Asthma and reversible bronchospasm in COPD Contraindications: Tachycardiac rhythms or significant cardiac history

    13. Metaproterenol, Alupent Precautions: Pulse, EKG and BP must be monitored Side Effects: Palpitations, anxiety, dizziness, tremors, sweating, headache Dosage: 0.05-0.3ml in 4ml NS over 15 minutes nebulized

    14. Terbutaline, Brethine Class: Sympathomimetic Actions: Bronchodilation, increases heart rate, stops pre-term labor Indications: Asthma and reversible bronchospasm in COPD, pre-term labor Contraindications: Tachycardiac rhythms or significant cardiac history

    15. Terbutaline, Brethine Precautions: Pulse, EKG and BP must be monitored Side Effects: Palpitations, anxiety, dizziness, tremors, sweating, headache Dosage: 2 Inhalations, 1 min apart, 0.25 mg SubQ, IV for pre-term labor

    16. Racemic Epinephrine Class: Sympathomimetic Actions: Bronchodilation, increases heart rate Indications: Croup, asthma Contraindications: Epiglottitis Precautions: Pulse, EKG and BP must be monitored, used only once pre-hospital, REBOUND worsening, not shelf stable

    17. Racemic Epinephrine Side Effects: Palpitations, anxiety, dizziness, tremors, sweating, headache Dosage:INHALATION ONLY!!!!!! 0.25-0.75 ml 2.25% solution in 2 ml NS, nebulized DO NOT INJECT CAUSES SEVERE TACHYCARDIA AND DEATH

    18. Atrovent Class: Anticholinergic Actions: Blocks acetycholine receptors, increases heart rate Indications: Bronchospasm in emphysema and bronchitis, may help acute asthma Contraindications: Allergies to soya lecithin, peanuts or related foods

    19. Atrovent Precautions: Avoid eyes, prostate hypertrophy Side Effects: Exacerbation of symptoms, cough, anxiety, dizziness, GI upset, palpatations, headache, rash Dosage: 2.5 ml vial in NS or with Alupent, nebulized over 10 minutes

    20. Methlprednisolone, Solu-Medrol Class: Steroid Actions: Anti-inflammatory, suppresses immune response in allergies Indications:Severe anaphylaxis, Asthma, COPD Contraindications:None in the emergency setting

    21. Methlprednisolone, Solu-Medrol Precautions: Must be reconstitued for use, may take 2-6 hours for onset of action Side Effects: GI bleeding, prolonged wound healing, suppression of natural steroids, bad for diabetics Dosage: 125 mg IV push

    22. Neuromuscular Blockers Used for RSI Succinylcholine Vecuronium Pancuronium MUST SEDATE FIRST

    23. Neuromuscular Blockers Class: Neuromuscular blocking agents Actions:Skeletal muscle relaxant, paralyzes muscles including respiratory muscles Indications:To achieve paralysis for intubation Contraindications: None in the emergency setting, known hypersenitivity

    24. Neuromuscular Blockers Precautions: May not be given if intubation is not possible, paralysis occurs in minutes and lasts from 6-60 minutes depending on drug used Side Effects: Prolonged paralysis, Hypotension, bradycardia

    25. Neuromuscular Blockers Succinylcholine 1-1.5 mg/kg lasts 8 minutes Vecuronium 0.08-0.1 mg/kg lasts 30 minutes Pancuronium 0.04-0.1 mg/kg lasts 20-40 minutes MUST SEDATE FIRST using valium, versed, fentanyl, MS etc.

    26. ?

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