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Reconstruction

Reconstruction. 13 th amendment (1865) – abolished slavery Each state was required to abolish slavery and ratify the 13 th amendment. Congress heard testimony about black codes, new law used by southern states to control A frican Americans ( ie . Couldn’t vote, couldn’t serve on juries.

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Reconstruction

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  1. Reconstruction

  2. 13th amendment (1865) – abolished slavery • Each state was required to abolish slavery and ratify the 13th amendment. • Congress heard testimony about black codes, new law used by southern states to control African Americans (ie. Couldn’t vote, couldn’t serve on juries. • Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 - granted citizenship to Af. Am. and guaranteed civil rights to everyone except Native Americans. President Johnson vetoes the bill bt Congress overturned it.

  3. Reconstruction Act of 1867 – removed governments of all southern states that had refused to ratify the 14th amendment. • 14th amendment (1868) – granted citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the U.S. • Af Am. finally had hope to advance in society. First black representatives in Congress and Senators served between 1872 and 1901. • Radicals tried to impeach Johnson. The House voted to impeach and the Senate trial ended one vote shy of impeaching him.

  4. 1868- General Ulysses S. Grant elected President • 15th amendment (1869) – gave Af. Am. men the right to vote. African Americans thought the amendment was too weak. • Groups angry about being shot out of power resorted to violence. • The Ku Klux Klan was created and threatened Af. Am. and white Republicans. Got really bad before election of 1869 killing hundreds.

  5. Congress responded by passing the Ku Klux Klan Acts of 1870 and 1871 which barred the use of force against voters. • The original Klan dissolved but other groups took its place. • Election of 1876 – Rutherford B. Hayes was elected even though he lost the popular vote. Hayes removed all federal troops from the south. • After the end of Reconstruction, Af. Am. began to lose remaining political and civil rights

  6. Southerners used poll taxes and literacy tests to limit black involvement. They used grandfather clauses to allow illiterate and poor whites to continue voting. • Sharecroppers – work the land for a farmer in exchange for a share of the value of the crop. This led to a cycle of debt for the sharecroppers. • Public schools started in the south during reconstruction. • With all of these changes it led to Jim Crow laws which created segregation.

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