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Chemical Energy and ATP

Chemical Energy and ATP. Section 4.1 Michael Slemp. Bell WORK. Why is ATP important? Give examples List the three types of high energy rich molecules that make up our food. Which of the three has the most amount of energy?. ALL CELLS NEED ENERGY !. You are made out of billions of cells

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Chemical Energy and ATP

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  1. Chemical Energy and ATP Section 4.1 Michael Slemp

  2. Bell WORK • Why is ATP important? Give examples • List the three types of high energy rich molecules that make up our food. Which of the three has the most amount of energy?

  3. ALL CELLS NEED ENERGY ! You are made out of billions of cells so your body need energy too. So, what do you do when you are tired and hungry? YOU EAT your body is telling you that you need more energy

  4. What do you EAT?

  5. Food = high energy molecules Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins are organic molecules (not found in nature but made by organisms)

  6. The easiest source of energy for cells are carbohydrates (sugars) However, sugar molecules are too HUGE and cannot be used directly by cells. Instead, sugars are broken down in mitochondria to smaller units via process called cellular respiration (covered in section 4.4) During cellular respiration, energy stored in bonds of sugar molecules are released and stored in bonds of another molecule called ATP

  7. ATP Adenosine triphosphate (tri=three) Translation: Adenosine molecule with three phosphate groups Majority of Energy is stored between P2 and P3 1 2 3

  8. Use of ATP Energy is released from ATP molecule by breaking bond between P2 and P3 ATP molecule ADP Adenosine diphosphate (di=two) Travels to various cell sites to supply energy ENERGY (used by cell) Free phosphate group Transported back to mitochondria for more ATP production ATP made in mitochondria

  9. ATP cycle ATP Energy + ADP + P (released) ADP + P + Energy ATP (supplied)

  10. Compare Energy rich molecules 1 glucose molecule = 36 ATPs Sugar (glucose) ATP ADP Stores energy in the chemical bonds (chemical energy) Energy rich molecule Energy poor molecule Usable by cells, energy rich molecule Too large to be used by cells

  11. Where do sugars come from? Animals get energy from food that they eat (as we discussed above) However, some organisms are able to produce their own carbohydrates Plants are able to make their own sugars by a process called photosynthesis Remember chloroplasts?

  12. Photosynthesis Plants do not need to feed on organic food like carbohydrates Plants harvest energy from sunlight In process of photosynthesis, plants convert sunlight energy, carbon dioxide and water into energy rich carbohydrates We will be covering photosynthesis next class session

  13. Chemosynthesis Photosynthesis = uses sunlight energy to produce sugars Sunlight energy + Water+ Carbon Dioxide = Glucose + Oxygen Chemosynthesis = uses chemical energy (instead of light energy) to produce energy-rich molecules like sugar Hydrogen Sulfate + Water+ Carbon Dioxide = Glucose + other products (chemical energy)

  14. Chemosynthesis Chemosynthesis is used by some organisms that live deep down on ocean floor near hydrothermal vents. Because they never get sunlight here, they had to find alternative source of energy

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