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The Muscular System

The Muscular System. Muscle Types. http://www.nsbri.org/HumanPhysSpace/. Skeletal Muscles. Striated Bundles of myofibrils Sarcomeres, along length of fibers Responsible for voluntary movement. Bicep and Tricep. Cardiac muscles. Striated

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The Muscular System

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  1. The Muscular System

  2. Muscle Types http://www.nsbri.org/HumanPhysSpace/

  3. Skeletal Muscles • Striated • Bundles of myofibrils • Sarcomeres, along length of fibers • Responsible for voluntary movement

  4. Bicep and Tricep

  5. Cardiac muscles • Striated • Fibers branch & interconnect via intercalated discs • Discs – relay signals from cell to cell during heartbeat (synchronize) • Forms contractile wall of heart Cardiac muscle – Bio 162 archive

  6. Cardiac Muscle

  7. Smooth muscle • Spindle-shaped cells • Lacks striations • Contracts more slowly • Remain contracted longer • Controlled by different nerves than skeletal • Involuntary body activities • Found in: walls of digestive tract (churning), urinary bladder, arteries (constriction), and other internal organs

  8. Cat Throat

  9. Human Muscle Contraction • Step 1: Myosin heads attach to binding sites on the actin filaments • Step 2: Myosin heads move to the center of the sarcomere, remove themselves, then reattach to actin filament • This cycle occurs hundreds of times per second during muscle contraction

  10. Muscle Contraction Courtesy of SDSU Dept. of Biology

  11. Do not have much control over which direction they will move in Create a jet propulsion effect to push themselves along Have a bell-shaped section on their body, which they fill with H2O and then release the H2O from beneath Jellyfish

  12. Have a muscular foot which aides in its movement Muscualr foot balances from the front to the back in a wavelike motion, helping the clam move Clam http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.assateague.com/clam-dia.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.assateague.com/nt-bival.html&h=206&w=300&sz=16&tbnid=Df8larSJLmgJ:&tbnh=76&tbnw=110&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dclam%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8

  13. Use a water-vascular system and their tube feet to move H2O moves in and out of their feet, altering the pressure of the water and releasing suction, which helps the starfish move along rocks Starfish

  14. Swim by lateral undulations of the body Undulations are caused by contractions of the axial musculature Move in a side to side motion that is similar to swimming Lancelet Branchiostoma http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=library.thinkquest.org/C006669/media/Biol/img/lancelet.gif&imgrefurl=http://library.thinkquest.org/C006669/data/Biol/chord_2.html&h=425&w=400&sz=33&t bnid=paT0_yBZBFYJ:&tbnh=121&tbnw=114&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dlancelet%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DG

  15. Exoskeleton, hard segments, which cover the muscles and visceral organs Muscles attach to the inner surface of exoskeleton Grasshopper

  16. Bony Fish

  17. Contains muscles in the tail and trunk which are made of myotomes, also known as muscle blocks • Myotomes are separated by connective tissue called myosepta • The fins are made up of abductor muscles which open the jaw and adductor muscles which close the jaw • These muscles move the fins away and toward the body

  18. Pectoral muscles move wings Pectoral muscles are attached to the keel in order for the wings to spread Birds

  19. Voluntary muscles are presentwhich the frog has control over These muscles occur in combinations of flexors and extensors Flexor contracts and bends Extensor contracts and straightens Frogs http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.vrealities.com/frog2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.vrealities.com/education.html&h=209&w=275&sz=11&tbnid=xxwpZzW_jtUJ:&tbnh=82&tbnw=107&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfrog%2Bdissection%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8

  20. Various skeletal muscles, in particular branchiomeric, smooth and cardiac muscles The branchiomeric muscles undergo the most evolutionary change Branchiomeric muscles are striated, attached to bone, form head muscles, and neck muscles Differences would be; skeletal somatic muscles and skeletal visceral muscles Skeletal somatic muscles deal with locomotion and develop from the myotome of epimere and somatic layer of hypomere Skeletal visceral muscles deal with respiration and feeding and develop from the neural crest cells Sharks

  21. Human • Skeletal muscle is controlled by the nervous system • contractions are mainly automatic • Cardiac Muscle contracts by the sliding filament method • Forms branching fibers • Smooth Muscle is controlled by the nervous system and hormones • Involuntary muscles because we are unable to control them

  22. Sites • http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0007436.html • http://quantum.plsweb.com/Common/QHomeSite/samplecourse/bio36_2.html • http://ohs-bio.www1.50megs.com/Biology_Notes/Fish.htm#BF%20Nervous%20system • http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookMUSSKEL.html • http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/fish/Education/Diagrams/FishBodyParts.htm

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