Document Structure & HTML

1. Document Structure & HTML HTML REVIEW

2. URL ADDRESS • When users request a web address (URL) that does not include a filename (for example, www.somedomain.com) the server automatically looks at that address for a file named index.html • If it finds that file, that's the file it sends to the browser • If index.html is not available, the server has a short list of other filenames it will try (e.g., index.htm, index.shtml, default.htm, etc.)

3. Basic HTML Markup

4. What is HTML? • HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language • It is plain text, but includes a variety of codes or "tags" that define the structure of the document • HTML is the predominant language of the World Wide Web • HTML is how two computers speak to each other over the internet

5. HTML is “spoken” by two computers • Client – the client is used by the person surfing the net, such as the computer your are looking at right now • Server – a server stores and distributes websites over the net. • Website scripts run in one of two places – the client side, also called the front-end, or the server side, also called the back-end. • The client of a website refers to the web browser that is viewing it. The server of a website is, of course, the server that hosts it. • Client-side means that the action takes place on the user’s (the client’s) computer. Server-side means that the action takes place on a web server.

6. HTML is “spoken” by two computers • Most web coding languages are designed to run on either the server side or the client side. This largely defines how they work. Here are some examples. • The terms are often encountered in the phrases “server-side” and “client-side”; meaning something occurs on the server or the client.

7. Web pages are just plain text • "Tags" provide web browsers with instructions about the web page • Tags are always enclosed in angle brackets: < >. • Tags are comprised of elements and attributes • Tags usually travel in pairs. An opening tag begins a section of page content, and a closing tag ends it. • A few tags are called non-container tags, because they don't contain any content - they stand alone. Examples are images and line breaks. • Tags in HTML are not case sensitive, but in XHTML all tags must be in lower case. Even when coding in HTML, you should get in the habit of writing tags in lower case. • White space is ignored by web browsers. So, if you hit the space bar multiple times within a document, only one of those spaces will actually be displayed by the browser. • Tags can be nested Common HTML Tags some facts about HTML tags

8. Document Structure Handout Review

9. What is the first tag that must appear at the top of every HTML5 web page? • What are the two main sections of an HTML document? • Which element serves as a container for all the visible content of a web page? (div or span) • Which of the new HTML5 semantic elements serves as a container for the navigation menu? • Which element is used to identify the main heading on a page? Which element is used to add an image to a page? Code questions code review

10. Comments In Your Code

11. Comments In Your Code • Use comments to explain your code to others. Often, you will be creating web pages as a member of a team, and other team members may need to read and understand your code. Even if you're the only person working on a particular web page, there may be others later who need to read and understand your code. • Use comments to explain your code to yourself. As you're learning new web design techniques, it can be very helpful to add reminders to yourself as to why you used a particular tag or group of tags. • <!-- Your comment goes here -->