Activities of Ethiopian R&D Survey 2007

1. Activities of Ethiopian R&D Survey 2007 Presented at Harmonization workshop Nov. 30-3, 2009 Johannesburg, South Africa

2. 1. Uses of R&D Survey • STPs primarily a policy making and management tool in R&D and STS • Monitor the evolving scientific and technological potential at the institutional or individual R&D level • Gathers information at micro level and thereby supply accurate information for policy makers

3. Explore the characteristics of the national scientific and technological potential • The flow of national S&T budget from the sources to end users • The scientific research activities • The requirements for scientific and technological research based on priority objectives • Indicate coherence of research activities in line with the socioeconomic development • The production of R&D and STS units

4. 2. Status of Ethiopia S&T Information • Challenges • Organizational Set-up • Low status of national S&T information system No organizational set up was in place till recently (no national coordination body in the country). • Regional institutions are not available. • Human and financial resources are scarce. • Laws governing S&T information are limited. • Low level of awareness of the need of S&T information. • Cultural limitation in keeping and updating S&T information &

5. Opportunities • The need for S&T information is being felt (S&T information users are increasing) • Institutional set-up is in place. • Laws are being issued • Policy • Mandate • Available International collaboration like ASTII & UNESCO • Budget • Government is allocating budget. • Investment is on the rise requiring S&T information

6. 3. Preliminary Activities • This challenges and opportunities has given rise to undertake S&T survey in Ethiopia for the 1st time. • Experts in the area are scarce • We had to start from the scratch. • We started low with Government institutions. • Proposal development and management approval • Government budget secured • Hiring of personnel • Identification of institutions • Government higher learning institution • Government R&D institutions & centers • Government S&T service institutions

7. Contd. • Questionnaire design as per international standards • Guideline development • Logistics for the survey secured • Undertake the survey with what we had at hand and learn in the process.

8. 4. Performed Activities • Survey Details 1.1 Sampling • Datas were obtained from Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and registered governmental institutions. • Since the frame is very low census method was followed. 1.2 How the survey was undertaken Data collection was undertaken through direct interview & filling of questionnaire by the responsible personnel.

9. 1.3 Response rate Type of InstitutionsSurveyedResponsePerc . Government Higher learning institutions 9 9 100 . Government R&D centers 55 55 100 . Gov’t S&T Centers 43 43 100 Total 107 107 1.4 None responsive survey None 1.5 Edit and amputation practice None

10. Questionnaire design (Amharic English) 2.1 Topics covered ( Hyperlink questionnaire) • Human Resource in Governmental Institutions • By level of education (PhD, 1st degree, 2nd degree tech, Aux) • By field of specialization • By sex

11. R&D expenditure in Governmental Institution • Government • Foreign grant • Own fund 2.2 Consultation during question development • International standards (Frascati manual) • Country experience (bench marks) • Other ministries

12. 2.3 Questionnaire design • Respondent guideline development (Hyperlink the guideline) 2.4 Questionnaire testing • None

13. 3. Reporting plans. Descriptive statistics - Human Resource in Government Institutions Table 1

14. Summary of Human Resources of Higher Learning Institution Contd. Table 2

15. Contd. Table 3 Summary of Human Resource of Government R&D Centers

16. Human Resources in Gov’t R&D Centers by field of studies Table 4

17. Summary of Human Resources by Field of Sciences of Higher Learning Institutions Table 6

18. - Government R&D Expenditure (Birr) Table 7

19. Contd. Summary of Financial Resources of R & D and Higher Learning Organization Table 8

20. Contd. Government R&D Expenditure (comparison with Previous Year) Table 9

21. Analysis of key issues (what are they) None

22. International comparisons

23. 4. Principal Findings • Government R&D expenditure/GDP = 0.2% • No. of researchers/million = 20

24. ConclusionOutput of the Survey Table 10 • Updated information collected • Developed R&D profiles, STS and higher education • Comparison of R&D 2007 data with 2005 was made • Awareness creation and raising • draft of the report developed • First draft of the report developed Challenges • Shortage of trained personnel to interpret the result of the survey.

25. The Way forward • Identify the number of researchers by their field of specialization • Profile of lab equipment • Inclusion of Development institutions, Private sector, NGOs. • Regular budget allocation for the Survey • Employing professionals on permanent basis • Updating the information regularly • Profile of S&T activities • Create mechanisms of incentive for surveyor and data supplier to increase the availability & allocability of S&T information. • Avail the analyzed of the survey for the meaningful\ decision of policy makers.

26. Analysis of key issues (what are they) None • International comparisons None 4. Principal Findings • Government R&D expenditure/GDP = 0.2% • No. of researchers/million = 20

27. 5. Resource Allocation for the survey • Over 200,000.00 Birr