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This PowerPoint presentation is owned by the students who created it and is posted here for example purposes only. - GC

This PowerPoint presentation is owned by the students who created it and is posted here for example purposes only. - GC team. ?. Can Wind Power be a Viable Energy Source for the US?. Group Information. Environment 110 Section: 002 GSI: Matthew Densmore James Baubie

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This PowerPoint presentation is owned by the students who created it and is posted here for example purposes only. - GC

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  1. This PowerPoint presentation is owned by the students who created it and is posted here for example purposes only. • -GC team

  2. ? Can Wind Power be a Viable Energy Source for the US?

  3. Group Information Environment 110 Section: 002 GSI: Matthew Densmore James Baubie jrbaubie@umich.edu Rachael Shapely racheal@umich.edu David Horvath dhorv@umich.edu

  4. The Breakdown Objectives: • Understand origins of wind power • Analyze global utilization of wind power • Analyze U.S. utilization of wind power • Understand how the U.S. can use wind power more effectively. • Understand the benefits and challenges associated with wind power • Discover US wind power ambitions and their feasibility

  5. The Quest for Renewable Energy • Experiencing a global energy crisis • The world runs on fossil fuels • 80% of the world’s energy comes from fossil fuels (Peak Oil, 2007) • Oil production is increasing rapidly • Rapid industrialization of India and China will further compound the energy problem • Our current rate of consumption is not sustainable • Depletion of natural reserves • Source of devastating pollution • Contributor to global warming • We need a new source of alternative energy • Hydroelectric, solar, geothermal, wind?

  6. Global Wind Initiatives • Wind has emerged as a leader in global renewable energy • Worldwide wind produces only .9% of electricity • But many developed nations now derive a large percentage of their energy from wind power • Leaders in wind power utilization like Denmark acquire 21.4% of their energy from the wind

  7. The US’s Wind Initiatives • The US is the world’s largest consumer of energy • Despite being the world’s biggest energy consumer, the US is lagging behind most of the developed world in harnessing wind power • Currently wind technology only accounts for 0.8% of overall electricity generation in the U.S. • But, the US Department of Energy is working to expand our wind power capabilities http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/pdfs/41435.pdf

  8. The Stella Model • Hypothesis: The US Department of Energy’s plan to supply 20% of our electrical power with wind power could be a viable solution to our nation’s energy crisis. • Model Goal: Discover under what conditions the U.S. can meet roughly 20% of electricity generation with wind power. • The model will also estimate the cost of this implementation.

  9. Data and Assumptions • 1,532 wind turbines constructed in 2006 with an average power output of 1.6 megawatts. • Capital cost per megawatt is $1.48 million • Capital costs of turbine construction represent 80% of total costs with the other 20% representing turbine operational and maintenance costs (Denny and O’Malley, 2006). • Current U.S. wind power generation capacity is 11,575 megawatts. • Wind turbines have a life of 30 years. • U.S. electricity production capacity is 1,075,677 megawatts and remains constant. *Unless otherwise stated data comes from (Wiser, R., Bolinger, M., 2007)

  10. Percent of U.S. Electricity Generated by Wind Scenario 1 • Scenario 1 assumes average turbine output and rate of turbine construction to be constant. • 20.7% of U.S. electricity generation capacity is met by wind by 2095. Wind Generated Power (in megawatts)

  11. Percent of U.S. Electricity Generated by Wind Scenario 2 • Rate of turbine construction increases by 500 turbines per year every 5.5 years. • Average new turbine power output increases by 0.1 megawatts every 2.2 years. • 20.9% of U.S. electricity generation is provided by wind power by 2040. • Wind generated power is 224,530.5 megawatts. Wind Generated Power (in megawatts)

  12. Cost of the Implementation Total Implementation and Maintenance Costs [Scenario 2] (In millions of dollars) • The estimated total cost of this implementation is approximately $400 billion. • This figure includes the capital cost of constructing the turbines and the operational/maintenance costs over their 30 year life.

  13. Pros of Wind Power • Clean nature of wind • Power generated isn’t affected by changing prices of fuels that go into generating other types of power such as coal and natural gas (Doherty, Outhred, and O’Malley 2006) • Wind is a domestic resource • Lead to an economic investment of approximately $332 billion and more than 3,725,000 full time equivalency job years for construction and plant operation, largely focused in rural areas.  (Lindenberg, Steve et al., 2007 ) • The power generated by wind turbines is “proportional to the cube of wind speed”. (Singh, Bhatti and Kothari 2007)

  14. So What’s Stopping Us?Some Cons to Wind Power • Capital Costs • wind may be free but wind turbines are expensive • Capital construction costs comprise 75% - 80% of the total cost.(Denny and O’Malley 2006) • Maintenance and Operational Costs • Comprise the other 20%-25%.(Denny and O’Malley 2006) • Wind turbines cannot be efficient everywhere • Maximum efficiency = high wind velocity + low altitude

  15. United States Average Annual Wind Power Areas in dark blue have the most potential to generate wind power, but all places categorized as class 3 or higher, which includes most of the Great Plains is sufficient for most wind turbines http://rredc.nrel.gov/wind/pubs/atlas/maps/chap2/2-01m.html

  16. Some More Cons to Wind Power • Wind is intermittent and varies greatly by day and season. http://rredc.nrel.gov/wind/pubs/atlas/maps/chap2/2-02m.html http://rredc.nrel.gov/wind/pubs/atlas/maps/chap2/2-03m.html http://rredc.nrel.gov/wind/pubs/atlas/maps/chap2/2-05m.html http://rredc.nrel.gov/wind/pubs/atlas/maps/chap2/2-04m.html

  17. Conclusion • The proposition of having the U.S. derive 20% of its electricity from wind power is realistic within the next thirty years. • The estimated cost of $400 billion is large but not prohibitively so. • Take Home Message: Wind power is a viable renewable energy source for the U.S., although it will never be able to provide 100% of all electricity because of its intermittent characteristics.

  18. Works Cited • Denny, E., & O’Malley, M. 2007. “Quantifying the Total Net Benefits of Grid Integrated Wind”. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, VOL. 22, NO. 2: 605-614. <http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/59/4162574/04162588.pdf?tp=&arnumber=4162588&isnumber=4162574 > (23 October 2007) • Doherty, R., Outhred, H., O’Malley, M. 2006. “Establishing the Role That Wind Generation May Have in Future Generation Portfolios”. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, VOL. 21, NO. 3: 1415-1421. <http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/59/34850/01664979.pdf?tp=&arnumber=1664979&isnumber=34850 > (23 October 2007) • Milliken, JoAnn et al. “The Advanced Energy Inititative”. Journal of Power Sources, Volume 172, Issue 1, 11 October 2007, Pages 121-131 • Rebenitsch, R. 2007. “Wind Energy: Power from the Prarie”. The Futurist, 41, 1: 6-7. <http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?Ver=1&Exp=10-21-2012&FMT=7&DID=1189106591&RQT=309&clientId=17822&cfc=1> (23 October 2007) • Li, Minqi.Peak Oil, the Rise of China and India, and the Global Energy Crisis Journal of Contemporary Asia. Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Nov 2007. Vol. 37, Iss. 4; pg. 449, 23 pgs.

  19. Works Cited Cont. • Singh, S., Bhatti T.S., & Kothan, D.P. 2007. “Wind Power Estimation Using Artificial Neural Network”. Journal of Energy Engineering, September: 46-51. <http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JLEED9000133000001000046000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes > (23 October 2007) • Wiser, R., Bolinger, M. 2007. “Annual Report on U.S. Wind Power Installation, Cost, and Performance Trends: 2006”. U.S. Department of Energy: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy: 1-24. < http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/pdfs/41435.pdf /> (23 October 2007) • "Wind Energy Resource Atlas of the United States”. <http://rredc.nrel.gov/wind/pubs/atlas/maps/chap2/2-01m.html> (23 October 2007) • Lindenberg, Steve et al. 2007 . “Wind Power Today”. U.S. Department of Energy: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy,: 1- 12. < http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/pdfs/41330.pdf> (22 November 2007) • “Wind Energy Resource Atlas of the United States: Map Description.” <http://rredc.nrel.gov/wind/pubs/atlas/map_descript.html > (23 October 2007) • Slide 3 Includes a picture that can be found in George Kling’s lecture notes at lecturetools.org.

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