Lesya Ukrainka

1. LesyaUkrainka Larysa Petrivna Kosach-Kvitka, better known under her literary pseudonym Lesya Ukrainka was one of Ukraine's best-known poets and writers and the foremost woman writer in Ukranian literatur. She also was a political, civil, and female activist. She wrote in the most various genres: poetry, lyric poetry, epos, drama, prose, publicism. She was known due to the collections of poems «On the wings of songs» (1893), «Thoughts and dreams» (1899), «Reviews» (1902), poems the «Old fairy-tale» (1893), «One word» (1903), dramas boyar's «Wife» (1913), «Kassandra» (1903-07), «In catacombs» (1905), «Forest song» (1911) and other.

2. Ukrainkawasbornin 1871 inthetownof Novohrad-Volynskyi ofUkraine. ShewasthesecondchildofUkrainianwriterandpublisherOlha Drahomanova-Kosach (betterknownunderherliterarypseudonymOlenaPchilka). MykhayloPetrovychDrahomanov, a well-knownUkrainianscientist, historian, philosopher, folkloristandpublicfigure, was a brotherof Drahomanova-Kosach andLesya'suncle. Lesyahadthreeyoungersisters, Olha, Oksana, andIsydora, and a youngerbrotherMykola. Biography

3. Lesyawasverysimilartohisfatherinappearanceandcharacter. Despite the fact about many similarities, one respect in which Lesya and her father were different is that her father had a gift for mathematics, but no gift for languages, on the contrary, Lesya had no gift for mathematics, but she knew English, German, French, Italian, Greek, Latin, Polish, Russian, Bulgarian, and her native Ukrainian.

4. Lesya Ukrainka learned how to read at the age of four, and she and her brother Mykhaylo could read foreign languages well enough to read literature in their original language. Ukrainka had a good familiarity with Russian, Polish, Bulgarian, Greek, Latin, French, Italian, German and English.

5. Bythetimeshewaseight, shewroteherfirstpoem, "Hope," whichwaswritteninreactiontothearrestandexileofheraunt, OlenaKosach, whotookpartin a politicalmovementagainstthetsaristautocracy.

7. At age thirteen, her first published poem, "Lily of the Valley," appeared in the journal Zoria in Lviv. It was here that she first used her pseudonym, which was suggested by her mother because in the Russian Empire, publications in the Ukrainian language were forbidden so Larysa Kosach's first collection of poetry had to be published secretly in western Ukraine and sneak into Kyiv under the pseudonym. At this time, Ukrainka was well on her way of becoming a pianist, but due to tuberculosis of the bone, she did not attend any outside educational establishment. Writing was to be the main focus of her life.

8. Herfirstcollectionofpoetry, Nakrylakhpisen’ (OntheWingsofSongs), waspublishedin 1893.SinceUkrainianpublicationswerebannedbytheRussianEmpire, thisbookwaspublishedinWesternUkraine, whichwaspartof Austria-Hungary atthetime, andsmuggledintoKiev.

9. Her illness made it necessary for her to travel to places where the climate was dry, and as a result, spent extended periods of time in Germany, Austria, Italy, Bulgaria, Crimea, the Caucasus, and Egypt. She loved experiencing other cultures, which was evident in many of her literary works, such as The Ancient History of Oriental Peoples, originally written for her younger siblings. The book was published in L'viv, and Ivan Franko was involved in its publication.

10. In 1897, while being treated in Yalta, Ukrainka met Serhiy Merzhynsky, an official from Minsk who was also receiving treatment for tuberculosis. The two fell in love, and her feelings for Merzhynsky were responsible for her showing a different side of herself. Examples include "Your Letters Always Smell of Withered Roses," "To Leave Everything and Fly to You," and "I'd Like to Wind around You Like Ivy," which were unpublished in her lifetime. Merzhynsky died with Ukrainka at his bedside on March 3, 1901. She wrote the entire dramatic poem "Oderzhyma" ("The Possessed") in one night at his deathbed.

11. Ukrainkamarriedin 1907 toKlymentKvitka, a courtofficial, whowasanamateurethnographerandmusicologist. TheysettledfirstinCrimea, thenmovedtoGeorgia. UkrainkadiedonAugust 1, 1913 at a healthresortofSurami, Georgia.

12. The creative work of the poetess very versatile: from the romantic extravaganza (best known for her work of this genre - «Forest song») to Patriotic appeal to Ukrainians to restore the might of its homeland. In 1893, the first collection of poems of LesyaUkrainka live and develop three main ideas-themes lyrics: hope of victory, the will to fight and belief in the power of poetic speech is only available to her arms. Challenge was the name of the book - «On the wings of songs». Poeticcreativity

13. The motif of the national liberation struggle develops together with the other Central theme - the role of the poet in the people's struggle for social and national freedom. The theme of the relationship between art and life, art and society, developed in LesjaUkrainka in the numerous works.

14. Гетьте, думи, ви хмари осінні! Тожтепера весна золота! Чи то так у жалю, в голосінні, Проминутьмолодіїліта? Ні, я хочу крізьсльозисміятись, Серед лиха співатипісні, Без надії таки сподіватись, Жити хочу! Гетьдумисумні! Я на вбогімсумнімперелозіБуду сіятьбарвистіквітки, Буду сіятьквітки на морозі, Буду лить на них сльозигіркі. І відсліз тих гарячихрозтанеТа кора льодовая, міцна, Може, квітизійдуть, і настанеЩе я для мене весела весна. Я на гору крутукрем'януюБуду каміньважкийпідіймать, І, несучи вагу ту страшную, Буду піснювеселуспівать. В довгу, темную нічкуневидну, Не стулюні на хвильку очей, Все шукатимузіркупровідну, Яснувладаркутемних ночей. Я не дам свомусерденькуспати, Хоч кругом буде тьма та нудьга, Хоч я буду сама почувати, Що на груди вже смерть наляга. Смерть наляже на грудваженько, Снігзастелесувораімла, Але дужезаб'єтьсясерденько, —Може, лютую смерть подола. Так, я буду крізьсльозисміятись, Серед лиха співатипісні, Без надії таки сподіватись, Жити буду! Гетьдумисумні! 2 травня 1890 р..  CONTRASPEMSPERO!*Без надії сподіваюсь (лат.)

15. The poem LesyaUkrainka Contra spemspero one of the best not only in the creative work of the poetess, but also world literature. This kind of program writer, her credo. Though linked this poetry with the personal circumstances of LesyaUkrainka, her illness, she inspired millions of readers, gives them the power of the spirit and power. Poetess using metaphors «I wbgm sad perelaz will sow colorful flower» speaks of his desire to serve the people, to be useful to him. It is ready to the steep mountain, cram anou» «the heavy stone pdiet», «through tears to laugh» and «without hope to hope.» The main idea of the poem is the addition of spirit and hope of life after the black stripe is white. She says that if we believe in good, even when there is no belief, the world is changing for the better and all troubles will be easier to survive, to find when the last drop of hope. Lyrical hero is the author himself. Main - man, who wants to live happily and tries to ignore all the misfortune that had fallen on her shoulders. In the work of the lyrical hero can attonito with LesjaUkrainka.

16. Dnipropetrovsk University of Alfred Nobel Done byXenia Denisenko and YanaShahverdyan Checked by N.A.Chernyak