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JRC small sources program first results Boštjan Paradiž jrc.cec.eut

JRC small sources program first results Boštjan Paradiž http://www.jrc.cec.eu.int. Dioxin emission factors for res. coal combustion. Activity data on coal&wood combustion. Source: Energy Consumption in households, EUROSTAT, 1999 (data from 1995 (EU) and 1996 (CC).

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JRC small sources program first results Boštjan Paradiž jrc.cec.eut

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  1. JRC small sources program first results Boštjan Paradiž http://www.jrc.cec.eu.int

  2. Dioxin emission factors for res. coal combustion

  3. Activity data on coal&wood combustion Source:Energy Consumption in households, EUROSTAT, 1999 (data from 1995 (EU) and 1996 (CC)

  4. EU vs. CC sectorial emissions: residential sector might be dominant in CC LUA - EU Dioxin Inventory Stage II data + estimations very rough preliminary estimation

  5. JRC small sources program • Acknowledged importance of the small combustion sources by DG-ENV: • coal combustion in residential sector – the highest research priority attributed within Dioxin strategy • small sources study just started within the context of CAFE • JRC small sources program: • JRC small sources facility- direct emission measurement • indirect emission assessment from ambient air concentrations

  6. JRC small sources facility Objectives: • to determine parameters influencing the dioxin formation in solid fuels fired residential heating appliances • to asses possible reduction measures • to derive emission factors for dioxins, PAHs and size fractionized PM emissions • First combustion experiments already started

  7. Indirect emission assessment Why alternative approach • Difficulties in determination of emission factor based on emission measurements • Experimental problems • Representative sample of appliances • Representative operational conditions • Uncertain activity data • Waste co-incinerated • Due to important contribution independent method should be used to verify conventional approach

  8. Graz, Austria case study • The highest dioxin ambient air levels recorded among Austrian urban agglomerations • No significant industrial sources present • Coal widely utilized in residential sector in early 90s • Coal combustion in residential sector accounted for 90 % of total SO2 emissions • Ideal for simplified coal combustion EF estimation based on SO2 marker approach

  9. Graz (Austria) – winter 1992/93 source of the data: G. Thanner, W. Moche: Dioxine in der Luft von Ballungsraumen, Monographien Bd.76, A-UBA, 1996 Assessment dioxin emission factor for coal combustion in residential sector: range 100-200 μg/ton of coal good agreement with A-UBA emission measurement data

  10. Krakow, Poland case study • Dioxin concentration in excess of 5 pg TEQ-m3 during winter (Grochowalski) • Significant share of households using coal • But industrial sources (steelwork) • Application of the CALPUFF dispersion model in cooperation with Malopolski Inspectorate of Environment Protection

  11. Krakow, Poland preliminary results Conservative emission assesment Industrial sources could not cause measured extreme levels

  12. Krakow, Poland preliminary results • Dioxin emission inventory compiled for residential combustion of coal; EF stoves 100 μgTEQ/ton, boilers 10 μgTEQ/ton • CALPUFF dispersion modeling • Krakow sumer:  two orders of magnitude lower than winter

  13. Zakopane, Polandpreliminary results • Small mountain town (20.000 inhabitants) • Solid fuel combustion prevails in residential sector • Virtualy no industry • Measurments of dioxins in the air winter 2002: 4.1, 3.7 pg TEQ/m3  more than measured in Krakow Another indication of small sources importance

  14. From toxic emissions to exposure and health effectsintegrated measurement&modeling case study in Krakow , PO Targeted pollutants: PM and PM associated (PAHs, dioxins,..) Targeted sources: residential heating, traffic Workpackages: • Emission Measurements • Emission inventory and synthetic emission scenarios • Outdoor and indoor air quality levels and human exposure measurement campaign • Dispersion modelling • Source apportionment • Health effects assessment • Emission reduction cost and health effects related external costs assessment

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