ICS Lab4: Y86 Assembler

ICS Lab4: Y86 Assembler

Introduction

Task • Y86 Assembler • Input: y86 assembly file (e.g., asum.ys) • Output: y86 binary file (e.g. asum.bin) • Side effect: print readable image to screen • Info • Correct: nothing • Failure: error message

# begin of asum.ys .pos 0 init: irmovl Stack, %esp irmovlStack, %ebp call Main halt .align 4 array: .long 0xd .long 0xc0 .long 0xb00 .long 0xa000 # Function Main Main: pushl %ebp rrmovl%esp,%ebp irmovl$4,%eax pushl%eax irmovlarray,%edx pushl%edx call Sum rrmovl%ebp,%esp popl%ebp ret # Function Sum Sum: pushl %ebp rrmovl %esp,%ebp mrmovl8(%ebp),%ecx mrmovl12(%ebp),%edx xorl%eax,%eax andl%edx,%edx je End Loop: mrmovl (%ecx),%esi addl%esi,%eax irmovl$4,%ebx addl%ebx,%ecx irmovl$-1,%ebx addl%ebx,%edx jne Loop End: rrmovl %ebp,%esp popl%ebp ret .pos 0x100 Stack: # end of asum.ys

# begin of asum.ys .pos 0 init: irmovl Stack, %esp irmovlStack, %ebp call Main halt .align 4 array: .long 0xd .long 0xc0 .long 0xb00 .long 0xa000 # Function Main Main: pushl %ebp rrmovl%esp,%ebp irmovl$4,%eax pushl%eax irmovlarray,%edx pushl%edx call Sum rrmovl%ebp,%esp popl%ebp ret # Function Sum Sum: pushl %ebp rrmovl %esp,%ebp mrmovl8(%ebp),%ecx mrmovl12(%ebp),%edx xorl%eax,%eax andl%edx,%edx je End Loop: mrmovl (%ecx),%esi addl%esi,%eax irmovl$4,%ebx addl%ebx,%ecx irmovl$-1,%ebx addl%ebx,%edx jne Loop End: rrmovl %ebp,%esp popl%ebp ret .pos 0x100 Stack: # end of asum.ys comment

# begin of asum.ys .pos 0 init: irmovl Stack, %esp irmovlStack, %ebp call Main halt .align 4 array: .long 0xd .long 0xc0 .long 0xb00 .long 0xa000 # Function Main Main: pushl %ebp rrmovl%esp,%ebp irmovl$4,%eax pushl%eax irmovlarray,%edx pushl%edx call Sum rrmovl%ebp,%esp popl%ebp ret # Function Sum Sum: pushl %ebp rrmovl %esp,%ebp mrmovl8(%ebp),%ecx mrmovl12(%ebp),%edx xorl%eax,%eax andl%edx,%edx je End Loop: mrmovl (%ecx),%esi addl%esi,%eax irmovl$4,%ebx addl%ebx,%ecx irmovl$-1,%ebx addl%ebx,%edx jne Loop End: rrmovl %ebp,%esp popl%ebp ret .pos 0x100 Stack: # end of asum.ys directive

# begin of asum.ys .pos 0 init:irmovl Stack, %esp irmovlStack, %ebp call Main halt .align 4 array:.long 0xd .long 0xc0 .long 0xb00 .long 0xa000 # Function Main Main:pushl %ebp rrmovl%esp,%ebp irmovl$4,%eax pushl%eax irmovlarray,%edx pushl%edx call Sum rrmovl%ebp,%esp popl%ebp ret # Function Sum Sum:pushl %ebp rrmovl %esp,%ebp mrmovl8(%ebp),%ecx mrmovl12(%ebp),%edx xorl%eax,%eax andl%edx,%edx je End Loop:mrmovl (%ecx),%esi addl%esi,%eax irmovl$4,%ebx addl%ebx,%ecx irmovl$-1,%ebx addl%ebx,%edx jne Loop End:rrmovl %ebp,%esp popl%ebp ret .pos 0x100 Stack: # end of asum.ys Symbol

# begin of asum.ys .pos0 init:irmovlStack, %esp irmovlStack, %ebp call Main halt .align 4 array:.long 0xd .long 0xc0 .long 0xb00 .long 0xa000 # Function Main Main:pushl %ebp rrmovl%esp,%ebp irmovl$4,%eax pushl%eax irmovlarray,%edx pushl%edx call Sum rrmovl%ebp,%esp popl%ebp ret # Function Sum Sum:pushl %ebp rrmovl %esp,%ebp mrmovl8(%ebp),%ecx mrmovl12(%ebp),%edx xorl%eax,%eax andl %edx,%edx je End Loop:mrmovl (%ecx),%esi addl%esi,%eax irmovl$4,%ebx addl%ebx,%ecx irmovl$-1,%ebx addl%ebx,%edx jneLoop End:rrmovl %ebp,%esp popl%ebp ret .pos0x100 Stack: # end of asum.ys Relocation

# begin of asum.ys .pos0 init:irmovlStack, %esp irmovlStack, %ebp call Main halt .align 4 array:.long 0xd .long 0xc0 .long 0xb00 .long 0xa000 # Function Main Main:pushl %ebp rrmovl%esp,%ebp irmovl$4,%eax pushl%eax irmovlarray,%edx pushl%edx call Sum rrmovl%ebp,%esp popl%ebp ret

# begin of asum.ys .pos 0 init: irmovl Stack, %esp irmovlStack, %ebp call Main halt .align 4 array: .long 0xd .long 0xc0 .long 0xb00 .long 0xa000 # Function Main Main: pushl %ebp rrmovl%esp,%ebp irmovl$4,%eax pushl%eax irmovlarray,%edx pushl%edx call Sum rrmovl%ebp,%esp popl%ebp ret |# begin of asum.ys 0x000: | .pos 0 0x000: 30f400010000 | init: irmovl Stack, %esp 0x006: 30f500010000 | irmovl Stack, %ebp 0x00c: 8024000000 | call Main 0x011: 00 | halt | 0x014: | .align 4 0x014: 0d000000 | array: .long 0xd 0x018: c0000000 | .long 0xc0 0x01c: 000b0000 | .long 0xb00 0x020: 00a00000 | .long 0xa000 | # Function Main 0x024: a05f | Main: pushl %ebp 0x026: 2045 | rrmovl %esp,%ebp 0x028: 30f004000000 | irmovl $4,%eax 0x02e: a00f | pushl %eax 0x030: 30f214000000 | irmovl array,%edx 0x036: a02f | pushl %edx 0x038: 8042000000 | call Sum 0x03d: 2054 | rrmovl %ebp,%esp 0x03f: b05f | popl %ebp 0x041: 90 | ret Readable Dump Binary Code 30f4 0001 0000 30f5 0001 0000 8024 0000 0000 0000 0d00 0000 c000 0000 000b 0000 00a0 0000 a05f 2045 30f0 0400 0000 a00f 30f2 1400 0000 a02f 8042 0000 0020 54b0 5f90

# begin of asum.ys .pos 0 init: irmovl Stack, %esp irmovlStack, %ebp call Main halt .align 4 array: .long 0xd .long 0xc0 .long 0xb00 .long 0xa000 # Function Main Main: pushl %ebp rrmovl%esp,%ebp irmovl$4,%eax pushl%eax irmovlarray,%edx pushl%edx call Sum rrmovl%ebp,%esp popl%ebp ret |# begin of asum.ys 0x000: | .pos 0 0x000: 30f400010000 | init: irmovl Stack, %esp 0x006: 30f500010000 | irmovl Stack, %ebp 0x00c: 8024000000 | call Main 0x011: 00 | halt | 0x014: | .align 4 0x014: 0d000000 | array: .long 0xd 0x018: c0000000 | .long 0xc0 0x01c: 000b0000 | .long 0xb00 0x020: 00a00000 | .long 0xa000 | # Function Main 0x024: a05f | Main: pushl %ebp 0x026: 2045 | rrmovl %esp,%ebp 0x028: 30f004000000 | irmovl $4,%eax 0x02e: a00f | pushl %eax 0x030: 30f214000000 | irmovl array,%edx 0x036: a02f | pushl %edx 0x038: 8042000000 | call Sum 0x03d: 2054 | rrmovl %ebp,%esp 0x03f: b05f | popl %ebp 0x041: 90 | ret Readable Dump Binary Code 30f4 0001 0000 30f5 0001 0000 8024 0000 000000000d00 0000 c000 0000 000b 0000 00a0 0000 a05f 2045 30f0 0400 0000 a00f 30f2 1400 0000 a02f 8042 0000 0020 54b0 5f90

Intro • Y86 Assembler • Source code: y86asm.c & y86asm.h • ./y86asm -v asum.ys > asum.yo • asum.ys: assembly code • asum.bin: binary code • asum.yo: readable dump • Test-suite: simple, error and apps • Base-system: y86asm-base • Requirement: the same output! (bin & yo)

Framework

asm code pushl%eax call Sum irmovl$4,%eax assemble line by line Symbol table Relocatetable • screen • 30f4 | pushl .. 30f5 | pushl .. • 8024 | call .. relocate • bin code • 30f4 0001 0000 30f5 0001 0000 • 8024 0000 0000 binfile print -v done

int main(intargc, char *argv[]) { /* option (-v) */ init(); /* init*/ /* open and assemble .ys file */ assemble(in); /* relocate binary code */ relocate(); /* create and generate .bin file */ binfile(out); /* print to screen (.yo file) */ if (screen) print_screen(); finit(); /* finit */ return 0; }

int main(intargc, char *argv[]) { /* option (-v) */ init(); /* init*/ /* open and assemble .ys file */ assemble(in); /* relocate binary code */ relocate(); /* create and generate .bin file */ binfile(out); /* print to screen (.yo file) */ if (screen) print_screen(); finit(); /* finit */ return 0; } int assemble(FILE *in) { while(fget(..) != NULL); { /* new line and fill it */ line = malloc(..); line->y86asm = ...; /* parse the line */ parse_line(line); } return 0; }

int main(intargc, char *argv[]) { /* option (-v) */ init(); /* init*/ /* open and assemble .ys file */ assemble(in); /* relocate binary code */ relocate(); /* create and generate .bin file */ binfile(out); /* print to screen (.yo file) */ if (screen) print_screen(); finit(); /* finit */ return 0; } intrelocate(void) { tmp = reltab; while(tmp != NULL); { /* find symbol */ /* fill address */ /* next */ tmp = tmp->next; } return 0; }

int main(intargc, char *argv[]) { /* option (-v) */ init(); /* init*/ /* open and assemble .ys file */ assemble(in); /* relocate binary code */ relocate(); /* create and generate .bin file */ binfile(out); /* print to screen (.yo file) */ if (screen) print_screen(); finit(); /* finit */ return 0; } intbinfile(void) { /* prepare image */ image = malloc(..); /* fill binary code */ /* write output file */ return 0; }

int main(intargc, char *argv[]) { /* option (-v) */ init(); /* init*/ /* open and assemble .ys file */ assemble(in); /* relocate binary code */ relocate(); /* create and generate .bin file */ binfile(out); /* print to screen (.yo file) */ if (screen) print_screen(); finit(); /* finit */ return 0; } Implemented (good example)

A line of assembly code Comment: ‘#’ => skip rest keywordin+oprestbytes halt 0:0 1 nop 1:0 1 rrmovl 2:0regA, regB2 cmovXX 2:NregA, regB 2 irmovl 3:0imm, regB 6 rmmovl 4:0regA, D(regB) 6 mrmovl 5:0 D(regB), regA 6 OPL 6:NregA, regB 2 jXX 7:NLabel 5 call 8:0Label 5 ret 9:0 1 pushl a:0regA 2 popl b:0regA 2 directive: ‘.’ .pos - digit 0 .align - digit 0 .l|w|b - D 4|2|1 Label: ‘:’ => add to symtab => continue Instruction: keyword => fill codes => continue error

line_t *y86bin_listhead; /* head */ line_t *y86bin_listtail; /* tail */ inty86asm_lineno; intvmaddr; /* address */ typedefenum{ TYPE_COMM, TYPE_INS, TYPE_ERR } type_t; typedefstruct line { type_ttype; /* TYPE_COMM: no y86bin, TYPE_INS: both y86bin and y86asm */ bin_ty86bin; char *y86asm; struct line *next; } line_t; typedefstruct bin { intaddr; byte_tcodes[6]; intbytes; } bin_t; symbol_t *symtab; reloc_t *reltab; typedefstruct symbol { char *name; intaddr; struct symbol *next; } symbol_t; typedefstructreloc { bin_t *y86bin; char *name; structreloc *next; } reloc_t;

Testbed *Acknowledgement: Li Cheng, Yuchen Liu

Resource • Files • y86asm.c/y86asm.h (svn commit) • Makefile • yat/yat.c • y86-base: y86asm-base, Makefile, {ins}.ys, {app}.ys • y86-ins: Makefile, {ins}.ys • y86-err: {err}.ys • y86-app: {app}.ys

Tools • Makefile • make - compiling y86asm • make clean - remove y86asm, *.o, *.yo, … • make yat - compiling yat • make **.yo - generate ??.yo file by y86asm • y86-base/make - generate yo files foreach

Tools Usage: yat -s <name> Or: yat -S Or: yat -a <name> Or: yat -A Or: yat -F • yat Option specification: -s test single instruction ./y86-ins/<name>.ys, or error-handling case in ./y86-err/<name>.ys e.g. yat -s rrmovl, yat -s symbol-error -S test both instructions and error-handling -a test single application ./y86-app/<name>.ys -A test the application codes in ./y86-app -F test instructions, error-handling and application codes, and you will get a total score -h print this message

Tools Usage: yat -s <name> Or: yat -S Or: yat -a <name> Or: yat -A Or: yat -F • yat Option specification: -s test single instruction ./y86-ins/<name>.ys, or error-handling case in ./y86-err/<name>.ys e.g. yat -s rrmovl, yat -s symbol-error -S test both instructions and error-handling -a test single application ./y86-app/<name>.ys -A test the application codes in ./y86-app -F test instructions, error-handling and application codes, and you will get a total score -h print this message Score for instructions: 32.00/32.00 Score for error-handling cases: 8.00/ 8.00 Score for applications: 40.00/40.00 Total score: 80.00/80.00

$./yat –s halt [ Testing instruction: halt ] Binary files halt.bin.base and halt.bin differ [ Result: Fail ] Score for instructions: 0.00/ 1.00 $./yat –s addl [ Testing instruction: addl ] [L2]: Invalid instr [L2]: Assemble y86 code error make: *** [addl.yo] Error 1 [ Result: Fail ] Score for instructions: 0.00/ 1.00

Cheatingwill not be tolerated All homework, labsand exams are to be done individually. It is your responsibilityto ensure that “your passwords are well-guarded, directories protected, and printouts do not fall into other hands”.

ICS Lab4: Y86 Assembler

ICS Lab4: Y86 Assembler

Presentation Transcript

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Lab4 Part2

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