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Society, Culture, and Sport

Society, Culture, and Sport. Chapter 20. Introduction. We will trace the development of sport, both nationally and internationally. At the end, you will have a greater understanding of the historical evolution of modern day sport. Topics Covered:. Brief history of sport in Canada

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Society, Culture, and Sport

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  1. Society, Culture, and Sport Chapter 20 Sport Books Publisher

  2. Introduction • We will trace the development of sport, both nationally and internationally. • At the end, you will have a greater understanding of the historical evolution of modern day sport. Sport Books Publisher

  3. Topics Covered: • Brief history of sport in Canada • Brief history of the Olympic Games • Sport and Canadian culture • Canadian athlete role models • The business of sport • Sport as a spectacle • Being and informed consumer Sport Books Publisher

  4. Brief History of Sport in Canada Sport Books Publisher

  5. New France (1665) Early Native Culture games Focus on: Religious practice Cultural values Teaching of survival skills Baggataway English Colony (1763) British wealth Cricket Horse racing Fox hunting Snow shoeing Under class No time or money Drinking Early Canada (1600-1850) Sport Books Publisher

  6. Victorian Period (1850-1920) Development of modern sport as leisure activity Industrialization & urbanization New concept of free time 1850 1860 1890 1920 • Many leagues & regularly scheduled competitions • Rule standardization • Increased focus on participation and spectator sports • Focus on socializing • No leagues & competitions • Few common rules Sport Books Publisher

  7. Emergence of Sport as a Commodity (1920-1960) Great Depression WWII 1950’s • Sport commercialization • Amateur and professional sports • Sense of nationalism • Big business • Spectatorship (through TV ) • Example: Hockey • 1917 – emergence of the NHL • 1926 – 10 NHL teams Economic prosperity Technological changes Population growth Sport Books Publisher

  8. Sport and the Canadian State (1960-Present) • Role of government in Canadian sport: • Call for government to improve sport domain • Sport leader became more accepting of government involvement • J. Diefenbaker: recognized sport as a national pride booster • Duke of Edinburgh: rebuked Canadians for their low fitness Sport Books Publisher

  9. Bill C-131 • Marked the first time the federal government was committed to the promotion and development of sport. • Resulted in: • Annual funding • Initiation of the Canada Games • Research grant and scholarships for Physical Education specialists Sport Books Publisher

  10. Brief History of Olympic Games Sport Books Publisher

  11. ATHENS, 1896 • Not financed by Greek government • 13 countries • 9 sports • 311 male athletes • STOCKHOLM, 1912 • Well organized • 2490 male athletes • 57 female athletes (swimming) • LONDON, 1908 • Returned some pride • All judges = British • PARIS, 1900 • Poorly organized • Little attention • 13 sports added • Women competed (golf & tennis) • ST. LOUIS, 1904 • Coincided with World Fair • 12 countries • Majority competitors American Sport Books Publisher

  12. WWI 1914-1918 • LOS ANGELES, 1932 • Reduced # of participants (travel costs) • Many more spectators • 1st Olympic village • AMSTERDAM, 1928 • Women participated in athletics and gymnastics • 48 countries • ANTWERP, 1920 • 29 countries • Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, & Turkey not allowed • PARIS, 1924 • Large increase in # of countries (44) and # of competitors (3092) Sport Books Publisher

  13. WWII 1939-1945 • BERLIN, 1936 • Hitler’s means of propaganda • Jesse Owens foiled Hitler’s plan by winning 4 gold medals • MELBOURNE, 1956 • Equestrian events held in Sweden • Spain, Holland, China, Egypt, & Lebanon pulled out for different political reasons • E & W Germany combined • HELSINKI, 1952 • “Friendly Games” (no Germany) • Soviet Union participated after 40 years • Beginnings of East-West rivalry • LONDON, 1948 • 59 countries • 4,500 competitors • Germany, Japan, Soviet Union did not attend Sport Books Publisher

  14. MONTREAL, 1976 • Extremely costly • Heavy security • French Canadians upset because of Queen’s Elizabeth II opening • Taiwan withdrew • African country boycotted in support of Apartheid policy • ROME, 1960 • All-white South African team • Viewed by world-wide TV • 1st performance drug-related death • TOKYO, 1964 • South Africa banned because of apartheid policy • Korea & Indonesia not allowed • Successful and expensive • MUNICH, 1972 • Another protest against inequality of black people in USA • Rhodesia not allowed for having all-white team • Palestinian terrorists killed several Israelis • MEXICO CITY, 1968 • E & W Germany separate teams • Demonstration against poverty and inequality of black people in USA • 1st drug tests Sport Books Publisher

  15. MOSCOW, 1980 • Boycotted by Western nations • 80 nations • Heavy security • ATLANTA, 1996 • Almost every country participated (197) • 10,788 athletes • Soviet Union replaced by Russian Federation and independent countries • Small bomb only dark side • BARCELONA, 1992 • Entirely peaceful • Soviet Union replaced by a “unified team” • E & W Germany one team • Slovenia separate from Yugoslavia • USA bb “Dream Team” • LOS ANGELES, 1984 • Most commercialized to date • Enormous profit • Soviet Union, Cuba, and most Eastern European countries boycotted • 140 nations • SEOUL, 1988 • Well organized & huge profit • No problems • Ben Johnson • Professional Tennis players attended 1st time Sport Books Publisher

  16. SYDNEY, 2000 • Flawlessly organized • No incidents • 10,651 athletes • 300 events • Closing ceremonies were a spectacle Sport Books Publisher

  17. Conclusions: • Olympics are greatly affected by current political affairs • It appears that a new era of sporting peace has evolved Sport Books Publisher

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