Southern Methodist University Fall 2003 EETS 8391/NTU CC725-N Wireless Networks

1. Southern Methodist University Fall 2003 EETS 8391/NTU CC725-N Wireless Networks Lecture 1: Course Overview Instructor: Jila Seraj email: jseraj@engr.smu.edu http://www.engr.smu.edu/~jseraj/ tel: 214-505-6303

2. Instructor Profile • Senior Staff Engineer with Ericsson Inc. • Network performance management • Wireless mobility management • MS EE Lund Technical University in Sweden • Major in telecommunications • 20+ years experience in telecommunications

3. Course Objectives At the successful conclusion of this course the students should have • Be familiar with elements of a wireless network • Be able to explain the function of each element in the network • Have a high lever knowledge of the protocols that govern inter-working between these elements

4. Course Objective, Cont. • Have a good knowledge of the different wireless network technologies • Have a good understanding of the capabilities and limitations of them • Have a clear understanding of network performance metrics and their use • Have a good understanding on how the performance can be measured

5. Course Objective, Cont. Have a high level knowledge of network performance verification and optimization • Above all enjoy learning something new

6. Course Overview • First generation cellular • AMPS, signaling, digital AMPS • Second generation voice • Speech coding, TDMA (IS-136), CDMA (IS-95), GSM • Third Generation of wireless system • UMTS • WCDMA

7. Course overview (cont) Mobile data systems • GPRS (general packet radio system), • mobile IP (Internet protocol) • CDPD, Architecture, MAC • Wireless LANs (local area networks) • CSMA/CD, IEEE 802.11, residential networks, ad hoc networks • Network performance evaluation

8. Course Topics (cont) • Not covered: • RF propagation, antennas, modulation/detection • Communication/information theory • Cordless phones • Fixed wireless (radio or optical) systems • Prerequisites: • None

9. Course Topics (cont) • Grading Term Paper 10% 2 exams 40% each Home works 3 homework, each 5% Term paper is expected by end of November. Homework is expected 2 weeks after it is posted on the web for classroom students. Distance students are given an extra week. Answer to homework is posted on the web after 3 weeks.

10. Course Material • No books are required • Class notes will be posted on the at: http://www.engr.smu.edu/~jseraj/ • Homework will be posted on the web • Term papers will be posted too • Suggestion for term paper could be found there too

11. References • Recommended Books • Wireless Personal Communications Systems, David J. Goodman, Addison-Wesley Communications Series • T. Rappaport, Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, Prentice Hall, 1996 • easy introduction to cellular networks; moderate engineering level • B. Walke, Mobile Radio Networks: Networking and Protocols, Wiley, 1999 • comprehensive; heavy on GSM; European perspective

12. References (cont) • K. Pahlavan, A. Levesque, Wireless Information Networks, Wiley, 1995 • good as textbook or reference; heavy on RF instead of networks • V. Garg, J. Wilkes, Wireless and Personal Communications Systems, Prentice Hall, 1996 • similar to Rappaport; engineering level is easier • U. Black, Second Generation Mobile and Wireless Networks, Prentice Hall, 1999 • easy introduction to cellular for general audience

13. References (cont) • J. Gibson, ed., The Mobile Communications Handbook, 2nd ed., CRC Press, 1999. • handbook (not textbook) on various topics by leading experts • Specialized books • B. Bing, High-Speed Wireless ATM and LANs, Artech House, 2000 • C. Perkins, Mobile IP: Design Principles and Practices, Addison-Wesley, 1998

14. How To Get The Most Out Of This Course? • Follow the class • Do the homework, it helps you to come up with questions • Choose a topic you are interested for your term paper. Start working on it as soon as you have made up your mind • Ask questions

15. Term Paper Ideas • Two types of term paper • Comparative study • In depth research in one specific area • Subject Area • Wireless IP network • Wireless Security • Performance evaluation • Wireless LAN • Business case • Mobility Management

16. Your First Assignment • Send me an email containing the following information: • Your name, phone number, the preferred method of communication • Tell me why you are taking this course • Tell me if you are interested in a special topic. I will try to accommodate it

17. Office Hours • After the class as needed • Email, jseraj@engr.smu.edu • SMU distance learning mail and fax • Please use SMU address and email

18. Miscellaneous Information • Contact List • SMU EE Department Administrator Susan Bailey (214) 768-3109 • SMU Distance Learning Coordinator Gary McCleskey (214)768-3108 Southern Methodist University Distance Education Attn: Gary McCleskey P.O. Box 750338 Dallas, TX 75275-0338 Fax Number (214)768-8621 or (214)768-3573

19. Miscellaneous Information • Class Times and Dates • Thursdays 6:30-9:20 pm • Last class on November 20 • Final Exam December 11 • Distance Students • Return assignments should be returned to Gary McCleskey either by mail, fax or email • Please send only one copy • Deadlines are fixed • Videotape help: vthelp@seas.smu.edu • NTU administration: www.ntu.edu

20. Outline • Motivation • Historical background • Some Terminology • Classification of wireless networks • Standards • Review of radio communications

21. Why wireless networks? • No cost for installing wires or rewiring • Communications can reach where wiring is infeasible or costly, eg, rural areas, old buildings, battlefield, vehicles, outer space • “Automagical” instantaneous communications without physical connection setup, eg, Bluetooth • Communication satellites, global coverage, eg, Iridium • Roaming allows flexibility to stay connected anywhere and any time

22. Why wireless networks? (cont) • Rapidly growing market attests to public need for mobility and uninterrupted access • Consumers are used to the flexibility and will demand instantaneous, uninterrupted, fast access regardless of the application. • Consumers and businesses are willing to pay for it

23. Why wireless networks? (cont) • Increasing dependence on telecommunication services for business and personal reasons

24. Challenges • Network support for user mobility (location identification, handover,...) • Efficient use of finite radio spectrum (cellular frequency reuse, medium access control protocols,...) • Integrated services (voice, data, multimedia) over a single network (service differentiation, priorities, resource sharing,...)

25. Challenges (cont) • Maintaining quality of service over unreliable links • Connectivity and coverage (internetworking) • Security (privacy, authentication,...) • Cost efficiency

26. 10 minutes break

27. Historical Background • 1946: AT&T introduced first mobile telephone service using line of sight analog FM radio transmission, 120 kHz per voice channel, limited to 50 miles from base, operator-assisted dialing • Mid-1960s: AT&T’s IMTS (Improved Mobile Telephone Service) uses 30 kHz voice channels, narrowband FM and direct dialing

28. Historical Background (cont) • First generation analog cellular telephony • late 1940s: AT&T develops cellular concept for frequency reuse • 1971: AT&T proposes High Capacity Mobile Phone Service to FCC • 1979: US standardizes it as AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System)in 800-900 MHz range

29. Historical Background (cont) • First generation analog cellular telephony • 1983: AT&T launches AMPS in Chicago 1985: Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT 450) in Scandanavia, Total Access Communications System (TACS) in UK, C450 in W. Germany • Total six incompatible analog cellular systems in Europe • Motivated Europe to accelerate 2nd generation digital cellular

30. Historical Background (cont) • Second generation digital cellular • 1989: Europe standardizes Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) • 1992: GSM is launched • 1990: Japan standardizes Japanese Digital Cellular (JDC) now called Personal Digital Cellular (PDC) • 1990: Europe standardizes Digital Cellular System at 1800 MHz (DCS 1800, recently renamed GSM 1800) • 1993: DCS 1800 launched

31. History (cont) • 1992: TIA/IS-54 TDMA (Digital AMPS) is deployed in US • 1996: TIA/IS-95 CDMA in US • 1995: Personal Handphone System (PHS) in Japan, first widespread low-tier PCS, is hugely successful • 1996: AT&T and Sprint offer PCS in major US cities • Smaller cell sites (0.25 km vs traditional 1-8 km), smaller/lighter portable handsets, cheaper access points

32. History (cont) • 1998: ITU begins to study proposals for 3rd generation cellular • mid-2000s: UMTS, IMT-2000, W-CDMA, cdma2000, EDGE,... • 2010-?: 4th generation? • Self organizing, ad hoc?

33. Some Terminology • Wireless vs mobile • Wireless systems can be fixed (LMDS, microwave, optical) or mobile • Cellular • Geography is divided into adjacent cells • Radio frequencies can be re-used in non-adjacent cells • Commonly in 800-900 MHz band

34. Terminology (cont) • Base station • Fixed transceiver that sends and receives signals from the mobile device • Connects to the wireline network • PCS • Originally, microcellular “anywhere any time” service with unique lifetime number, portable lightweight handsets • Now similar to digital cellular, in 1900 MHz range

35. Terminology (cont) • Low-tier cellular (PCS) • Between cellular and cordless • Very small cells, limited mobility, usually campus range • High tier cellular • Large cells • Protocols • Rules for exchanging data between different entities Protocol layers

36. Terminology (cont) • Protocols, cont • Concept of dividing (usually complex) protocols into separate functions • Higher protocol layers build on the functions (“services”) of lower layers • Each protocol layer can be designed and analyzed separately, if “services” provided to higher protocol layers is unchanged • Each protocol layer uses separate overhead information (eg, header fields)

37. Terminology (cont) • Protocols, cont • Protocol “entities” in each layer communicate with their “peer entities” in the same layer

38. Host A Host B application application presentation presentation session session transport transport network network data link data link physical physical Terminology (cont) • OSI protocol reference model

39. Terminology (cont) • Application Layer: User program that generates data • Presentation Layer: changes syntax (data format) if necessary • Session Layer: synchronizes sessions (dialogues) • Transport Layer: end-to-end connection management, error recovery

40. Terminology (cont) • Network Layer: routes data through network • Link Layer: framing, error recovery on links, including MAC • Physical Layer: point-to-point medium-dependent transmission

41. Host A Host B Application Layer: user program that generates data application application Transport Layer: end-to-end connection management, error recovery transport transport Internet Layer: route IP packets between different networks internet internet Network Access Layer: any network and physical layer protocols network access network access Terminology (cont) • TCP/IP protocol reference model

42. Classification of Wireless Networks • Mobility: fixed wireless or mobile • Analog or digital • Ad hoc (decentralized) or centralized (fixed base stations) • Services: voice (isochronous) or data (asynchronous) • Ownership: public or private

43. Classification of Wireless Networks • Area: wide (WAN), metropolitan (MAN), local (LAN), or personal (PAN) area networks • Switched (circuit- or packet-switched) or broadcast • Low bit-rate (voicegrade) or high bit-rate (video, multimedia) • Terrestrial or satellite

44. Standard Bodies • International Telecommun. Union (ITU) • An agency of United Nations for communications standards and treaty-based spectrum management • Up to 1993, composed of 4 groups • CCITT (Consultative Committee on International Telegraph and Telephone): recommendations for wired networks

45. Standard Bodies • CCIR (Consultative Committee on International Radio): study groups for radio spectrum usage and interworking of wireless systems • International Frequency Registration Board (IFRB): allocated international frequencies and organized 1987 and 1992 World Administrative Radio Conferences (WARCs) settling international questions about spectrum for PCS and satellite services • General Secretariat

46. International Standards (cont) • 1985 Study Group 8 started work on future public land mobile telecommunications systems (FPLMTS): 3rd generation wireless or PCS • 1993 Reorganized into 3 sectors • Radio Communications Sector ITU-R (formerly CCIR and IFRB): world conferences, radio regulations • Telecommun. Standardization Sector ITU-T (formerly CCITT): all wireline and wireless standards • Telecommun. Development Sector (new): promote development of telecommun. in developing countries

47. Standards (cont) • Conf. of European Posts and Telecommun. Administrations (CEPT) • Post/telecom administrations of most European nations • Traditionally coordinated European support of ITU • Supplanted by ETSI • European Telecommun. Standards Institute (ETSI) • Established by the European Community for pan-European systems • Covers GSM, HIPERLAN (wireless LAN)

48. 10 minutes break

49. US Standards • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) • Project 802 studies LANs • 802.11 wireless LAN standard • FCC (Federal Communications Commission) regulates licenses for US radio spectrum

50. US Standards • 1979 Single nationwide standard allowed roaming in first generation cellular systems (AMPS) • slowed push for second generation digital • 1981 Decision to license two (20 MHz) wireless providers per market: (1) local telephone company (2) non-wireline company