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Chiastic Parallelism in the Gospel of John

Chiastic Parallelism in the Gospel of John. Chiastic Parallelism in the Gospel of John chiasmus [ky-AZ-mus] (plural -mi), a figure of speech by which the order of the terms in the first of two parallel clauses is reversed in the second. 

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Chiastic Parallelism in the Gospel of John

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  1. Chiastic Parallelism in the Gospel of John

  2. Chiastic Parallelism in the Gospel of John chiasmus [ky-AZ-mus] (plural -mi), a figure of speech by which the order of the terms in the first of two parallel clauses is reversed in the second.  This may involve a repetition of the same words ("Pleasure's a sin, and sometimes sin's a pleasure" --Byron) or just a reversed parallel between two corresponding pairs of ideas . . . . The parallels are designed to place emphasis on and reveal a central idea or concept. The word goes back to the ancient Greeks and their fascination with language and rhetoric.  The "chi" comes from chi, the letter "X" in the Greek alphabet.  The word itself comes from the Greek word khiasmos, meaning "crossing."  Khiasmos, in turn, is derived from the Greek word khiazein, meaning "to mark with an X."

  3. THE PROLOGUE (1:1-18) Parallel structure of the prologue (a) Through the pre-existing Word, all things came to be (1:1-8) (b) The true light is rejected by his own (1:9-11) (c) To all who believe, power is given to become children of God (1:12-13). (b’) The Word became flesh is accepted by those who beheld his glory (1:14). (a’) Through Jesus Christ, grace and truth came to be (1:15-18).

  4. Part I:WITNESS TO JESUS (1:19-4:3) Sequence 1: The Baptist Witnesses to Jesus (1:19-51) (a) The Baptist witnesses to Jesus (1:19-30) (b) Andrew finds Simon (1:40-41) (c) Jesus changes Simon’s name to Peter (1:42). (b’) Philip finds Nathanael (1:43-45). (a’) Nathanael witnesses to Jesus (1:46-51).

  5. Part I:WITNESS TO JESUS Sequence 2: Water Replaced by Wine at Cana (2:1-12) (a) Jesus, his mother, and his disciples at Cana (2:1-2). (b) Wine and servants (2:3-5). (c) Water changed to wine (2:6-8). (b’) Wine and servants (2:9-10) (a’) Jesus, his mother and his disciples at Cana (2:11-12).

  6. Part I:WITNESS TO JESUS Sequence 3: Jesus Cleanses the Temple (2:13-25) (a) Jesus in Jerusalem at the Passover (2:13). (b) His disciples remember the words of scripture (2:14-17). (c) “Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up” (2:18-21). (b’) His disciples remember the words of scripture (2:22) (a’) Jesus in Jerusalem at the Passover (2:23-25)

  7. Part I:WITNESS TO JESUS Sequence 4: Rebirth Through Water and the Spirit (3:1-21) (a) A man named Nicodemus came to Jesus by night and said, “… (b) you are a teacher come from God; for no one can do these signs that you do, unless God is with him” (3:1-2). Central question: How can a man be born anew and enter the kingdom of heaven? (3:3-9). (c) “Are you a teacher of Israel, and yet you do not understand this?” (3:10) (b’) Answer to central question: “As Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, so must the Son of man be lifted up, that whoever believes in him may have eternal life. For God so loved the world that he gave his only son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life” (3:11-18). (a’) Jesus says: “… men loved darkness rather than light … everyone who does evil hates the light, and does not come to the light … But he who does what is true comes to the light, that it may be clearly seen that his deeds have been wrought in God” (3:19-21).

  8. Part I:WITNESS TO JESUS Sequence 5: The Baptist Witnesses to Jesus Again (3:22-4:3) (a) Here he is baptizing, and all are going to him (3:22-26). (b) No one can receive anything except what is given him from heaven (3:27-28). (c) He must increase, but I must decrease (3:29-30). (b’) He who comes from heaven is above all (3:31-36). (a’) Jesus was making and baptizingmore disciples than John (4:1-3).

  9. Part I:WITNESS TO JESUS Sequence 1a: The Baptist Witnesses to Jesus (1:19-51) Sequence 2b: Water Replaced by Wine at Cana (2:1-12) Sequence 3c: Jesus Cleanses the Temple (2:13-25) Sequence 4b’: Rebirth Through Water and the Spirit (3:1-21) Sequence 5a’: The Baptist Witnesses to Jesus Again (3:22-4:3)

  10. PART II: RESPONSE TO JESUS (4:4-6:15) Sequence 6: The Samaritan Woman Believes (4:4-38) (a) Jesus, wearied (kekopiakos), sits at the well (4:4-6). (b) The Samaritan woman is surprised (4:7-18). (c) Worship in spirit and truth (4:19-24) (b’) The apostles are surprised (4:25-34). (a’) Others have labored (kekopiakasin), and you have entered into their labor (kopon)--(4:35-38).

  11. PART II: RESPONSE TO JESUS Sequence 7: The Samaritan Townspeople Believe in Jesus (4:39-45) (a) Many Samaritans from that city believed in him because of the woman’s testimony (4:39). (b) He stayed there two days (4:40-41). (c) This is indeed the Savior of the world (4:42). (b’) After the two days he departed to Galilee (4:43-44). (a’) The Galileans welcomed him, having seen all that he had done in Jerusalem at the feast. (4:45).

  12. PART II: RESPONSE TO JESUS Sequence 8: The Royal Official Believes (4:46-54) (a) So he came again to Cana in Galilee, where he had made the water into wine (4:46-47). (b) Go; your son will live (4:48-50a). (c) The man believed the word that Jesus spoke to him and went his way (4:50b). (b’) The father knew that was the hour when Jesus had said to him, Your son will live” (4:51-53). (a’) This was now the second sign that Jesus did when he had come from Judea to Galilee (4:54).

  13. PART II: RESPONSE TO JESUS Sequence 9: The Jews Reject Jesus, and Jesus Rejects the Jews (5:1-47) Section A (5:1-18): Jesus heals a paralytic on the sabbath (a) The Jews contest Jesus’ healing a man on the Sabbath. (5:1-11). (b) The Jews ask the man who it was that healed him (5:12-13). (c) Jesus and the healed man in the temple (5:14) (b’) The man tells the Jews that it was Jesus who healed him (5:15). (a’) The Jews persecute Jesus because he healed a man on the Sabbath. (5:16-18).

  14. PART II: RESPONSE TO JESUS Sequence 9: Section B (5:19-30): Jesus’ right to judge, i.e., to give and refuse life (a) The Son can do nothing of his own accord (5:19-23) (b) The hour is coming when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God (5:24-25) (c) The Father gives the Son the power to judge (5:26-27) (b’) The hour is coming when all who are in the tombs will hear his voice (5:28-29). (a’) I can do nothing on my own authority (5:30).

  15. PART II: RESPONSE TO JESUS Sequence 9: Section C (5:31-47): Jesus condemns the Jews of Jerusalem. (a) The testimony of “another” (5:31-32) (b) The testimony of the Baptist (5:33-35) (c) The testimony of the works, the Father, and the scriptures (5:36-40). (b’) Jesus condemns the Jews who receive the Baptist but not him to whom the Baptist testifies (5:41-44). (a’) Moses and the scriptures accuse the Jews (5:45-47).

  16. PART II: RESPONSE TO JESUS Sequence 10: The Galilean Jews Refuse to Believe (6:1-15) (a) Followed by the multitude, Jesus goes up into the hills (6:1-3). (b) The multitude is hungry (6:4-9). (c) The multitude is seated (6:10). (b’) The multitude is filled. (6:11-13). (a’) Misinterpreted by the multitude, Jesus flees again to the hills (6:14-15).

  17. PART II: RESPONSE TO JESUS Sequence 6a: The Samaritan Woman Believes (4:4-38) Sequence 7b: The Samaritan Townspeople Believe in Jesus (4:39-45) Sequence 8c: The Royal Official Believes (4:46-54) Sequence 9b’: The Jews Reject Jesus, and Jesus Rejects the Jews (5:1-47) Sequence 10a’: The Galilean Jews Refuse to Believe (6:1-15)

  18. PART III: THE NEW EXODUS (6:16-21) Sequence 11: The New Exodus—Jesus Walks on the Sea (6:16-21) (a) The disciples depart from one side of the sea (6:16-17a). (b) The disciples are alone on the sea (6:17b). (c) The wind blows and the sea rises (6:18). (b’) Jesus joins the apostles and declares, “It is I” (6:19-20). (a’) The disciples arrive on the other side of the sea (6:21).

  19. PART IV: FRUITLESS APPEALS TO THE JEWS (5:22-12:11) Sequence 12: The True Bread Gives Life Everlasting (6:22-71) (a) The crowd comes to Capernaum looking for Jesus (6:22-24). (b) Jesus is the true bread from heaven (6:26-40). (c) The Jews protest Jesus’ claim that he came down from heaven (6:41-42). (b’) Jesus insists he is the true bread and this bread is his flesh (6:43-58 see sub-structure). (a’) Many reject Jesus’ teaching and leave him; only the Twelve remain at Capernaum (6:59-71 see sub-structure).

  20. PART IV: FRUITLESS APPEALS TO THE JEWS Sequence 12: (b’) Jesus insists he is the true bread and this bread is his flesh. Sub-structure of 6:43-58: (b’a) 6:43 Jesus answered them, “Do not murmur among yourselves. “No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws him; and I will raise him up at the last day. “It is written in the prophets, “And they shall all be taught by God.” Every one who has heard and learned from the Father comes to me. “Not that any one has seen the Father except him who is from God; he has seen the Father. “Truly, truly, I say to you, he who believes has eternal life. “I am the bread of life.” Your fathers ate the manna in the wilderness, and they died. “This is the bread which comes down from heaven, that a man may eat of it and not die. (b’b) I am the living bread which came down from heaven; if any one east of this bread, he will live for ever; and the bread which I shall give for the life of the world is my flesh. (b’c) The Jews then disputed among themselves, saying, “how can this man give us his flesh to eat?” (b’b’) So Jesus said to them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of man and drink his blood, you have no life in you. (b’a’) he who eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day. “For my flesh is food indeed, and my blood is drink indeed. “He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood abides in me, and I in him. “As the living Father sent me, and I live because of the Father so he who eats me will live because of me. “This is the bread which came down from heaven, and not such as the fathers ate and died; he who eats this bread will live for ever.

  21. PART IV: FRUITLESS APPEALS TO THE JEWS Sequence 12: (a’) Many reject Jesus’ teaching and leave him; only the Twelve remain at Capernaum. Sub-structure of (6:59-71) (a’a) Many (polloi) do not accept Jesus’ teaching: one will betray him (paradōsōn auton)—(6:59-64) (a’b) Jesus says: “No one can come to me (elthein pros me) unless it is granted by the Father”(6:65) (a’c) Many leave Jesus (6:66) (a’b’) Peter says: “to whom shall we go (pros tina apeleusometha [the future of elthein])”— (6:67-69). (a’a’) One (heis) of the Twelve will betray him (paradidonali auton)—(6:70-71).

  22. PART IV: FRUITLESS APPEALS TO THE JEWS Sequence 13: Jesus at the Feast of Tabernacles (7:1-8-59) (a) Jesus comes out of hiding from the Jews seeking to kill him (7:1-36 see sub-structure). (b) Living water and the Spirit (7:37-44). (c) The Jewish leaders fail to arrest Jesus (7:45-52). (b’) the light of the world and the Father (8:12-20). (a’) Jesus again hides himself from the Jews seeking to kill him (8:21-59 see sub-structure).

  23. PART IV: FRUITLESS APPEALS TO THE JEWS Sequence 13: (a) Jesus comes out of hiding from the Jews seeking to kill him. Sub-structure of (7:1-36) (aa) Where is Jesus going? (7:1-11) (ab) Muttering among the people (7:12-13) (ac) Jesus in the temple at the middle of the feast (7:14-30) (ab’) Muttering among the Pharisees (7:31-32) (aa’) Where is Jesus going? (7:33-36).

  24. PART IV: FRUITLESS APPEALS TO THE JEWS Sequence 13 (a’) Jesus again hides himself from the Jews seeking to kill him Sub-structure of 8:21-59 (a’a) Then you will know that I am he (8:21-30) (a’b) Abraham (8:31-41a) (a’c) You are of your father the devil (8:41b-47) (a’’b’) Abraham (8:48-56) (a’a’) Before Abraham was, I am (8:57-59).

  25. PART IV: FRUITLESS APPEALS TO THE JEWS Sequence 14: The Man Born Blind and the Good Shepherd (9:1-10:21) Section A (9:1-38): The man born blind (a) Jesus gives sight to the man born blind (9:1-7). (b) The Pharisees reject the man’s testimony (9:8-17). (c) The Pharisees reject the parents’ testimony (9:18-23). (b’) The Pharisees again reject the man’s testimony (9:24-34). (a’) Jesus gives spiritual sight to the man born blind (9:35-38).

  26. PART IV: FRUITLESS APPEALS TO THE JEWS Sequence 14: The Man Born Blind and the Good Shepherd (9:1-10:21) Section B (9:39-10:21): Jesus condemns the Pharisees as false shepherds. (a) Jesus accuses the Pharisees of blindness (9:39-41). (b) The parable of the door and the shepherd (10:1-5). (c) The Pharisees do not understand the parable (10:6). (b’) Explanation of the door and the shepherd (10:7-18). (a’) The Jews accuse Jesus of having a demon (10:19-21).

  27. PART IV: FRUITLESS APPEALS TO THE JEWS Sequence 15: Jesus at the Feast of the Dedication (10:22-39) (a) The Jews menace Jesus (10:22-24). (b) Jesus declares: “I and the Father are one” (10:25-30). (c) The Jews take up stones to stone Jesus (10:31). (b’) Jesus declares: “The Father is in me and I am in the Father” (10:32-38). (a’) The Jews try to arrest Jesus (10:39).

  28. PART IV: FRUITLESS APPEALS TO THE JEWS Sequence 16: Jesus Is the Resurrection and the Life (10:40-12:11) (a) At Bethany beyond Jordan many believe in Jesus (10:40-42). (b) At Bethany near Jerusalem Jesus raises Lazarus four days buried (11:1-44 see sub-structure). (c) The Jewish leaders plot to kill Jesus (11:45-47). (b’) At Bethany near Jerusalem Mary anoints Jesus for burial (12:1-8). (a’) At Bethany near Jerusalem many believe in Jesus (12:9-11)

  29. PART IV: FRUITLESS APPEALS TO THE JEWS Sequence 16: (b) At Bethany near Jerusalem Jesus raises Lazarus four days buried Sub-structure 11:1-44 (ba) Jesus comes from Bethany to Bethany (11:1-19) (bb) Martha comes out to meet Jesus (11:20-22). (bc) Jesus declares: “I am the resurrection and the life” (11:23-27). (bb’) Mary comes out to meet Jesus (11:28-32). (ba’) Lazarus comes out of the tomb (11:33-44).

  30. PART IV: FRUITLESS APPEALS TO THE JEWS Sequence 12a: The True Bread Gives Life Everlasting (6:22-71) Sequence 13b: Jesus at the Feast of Tabernacles (7:1-8-59) Sequence 14c: The Man Born Blind and the Good Shepherd (9:1-10:21) Sequence 15b’: Jesus at the Feast of the Dedication (10:22-39) Sequence 16a’: Jesus Is the Resurrection and the Life (10:40-12:11)

  31. PART V: THE HOUR OF GLORY (12:12-21:25) Sequence 17: The arrival of Jesus’ Hour (12:12-50) ( a) The crowds greet Jesus as a nationalistic Messiah (12:12-19). (b) The Greeks want to see Jesus (12:20-22). (c) Jesus declares the “hour” has arrived for the salvation of the world (12:23-36 see sub-structure). (b’) The Jews refuse to see, even though Jesus has done so many signs before them (12:37-43). (a’) Jesus comes as God’s emissary, sent by the Father to save the world (12:44-50).

  32. PART V: THE HOUR OF GLORY Sequence 17:(c) Jesus declares the “hour” has arrived for the salvation of the world 12:23-36 sub-structure (ca) The hour has come for the Son of man to be glorified, i.e., to be lifted up on the cross (12:23-24) (cb) He who hates his life in this world will keep it for eternal life (12:25-126). (cc) Save me from this hour? But it was for this that I came to this hour. Father, glorify your name (12:27-30). (cb’) Now is the judgment of this world, now shall the ruler of this world be cast out (12:31) (ca’) How can you claim that the Son of man must be lifted up? (12:32-36).

  33. PART V: THE HOUR OF GLORY Sequence 18: Jesus’ Farewell Discourse (13:1-17:26) (a) The footwashing and Judas the traitor. Jesus speaks about the arrival of his hour, about love unto the end, about the mission of the apostles, and about his glorification. (13:1-32 see sub-structure) (b) Jesus speaks about his going away, the Counselor, his love commandment, dwelling places in heaven, asking in his name, and his gift of peace (13:33-14:31 see sub-structure) (c) The true vine and the false vine. (15:1-25 see sub-structure) (b’) Jesus speaks about his going away, the Counselor, asking in his name, and his gift of peace. (15:26-16:38 see sub-structure) (a’) Jesus prays for the Church. (17:1-26 see sub-structure)

  34. PART V: THE HOUR OF GLORY Sequence 18: (a) The footwashing and Judas the traitor. Jesus speaks about the arrival of his hour, about love unto the end, about the mission of the apostles, and about his glorification. Sub-structure (13:1-32): (aa) The hour has arrived (13:1) (ab) All are clean except one (13:2-11). (ac) The foot washing is an example for the apostles (13:12-17). (ab’) Jesus singles out the one who is not clean (13:18-27). (aa’) Judas’ departure sets in motion the hour of Jesus’ death and glorification (13:28-32)

  35. PART V: THE HOUR OF GLORY Sequence 18: (b) Jesus speaks about his going away, the Counselor, his love commandment, dwelling places in heaven, asking in his name, and his gift of peace Sub-structure 13:33-14:31: (ba) Jesus speaks about his going away, about his love commandment, and about dwelling places in heaven (13:33-14:4). (bb) Jesus peaks of himself as “the way, and the truth, and the life, and says, “I am in the Father. . . “ (14::5-14). (bc) Jesus will ask the Father, and he will give another Counselor (14:15-17). (bb’) Jesus says, “You see me as one who has life . . . . On that day you will know that I am in my Father . . . “(14:18-20). (ba’) Jesus speaks about his love commandment, about him and the Father making a dwelling place with him who loves, and about his going away. (14:21-31).

  36. PART V: THE HOUR OF GLORY Sequence 18: (c) The true vine and the false vine. Sub-structure 15:1-25 (ca) The true vine, i.e., the true Israel (15:1-6). (cb) This is my commandment, that you love one another (15:7-10). (cc) These things I have spoken to you, that my joy may be in you (15:11). (cb’) This I command you, to love on another (15:12-17). (ca’) The false vine, i.e., the synagogue (15:18-25).

  37. PART V: THE HOUR OF GLORY Sequence 18: (b’) Jesus speaks about his going away, the Counselor, asking in his name, and his gift of peace. Sub-structure 15:26-16:38: (b’a) The time of persecution is coming (15:26-16:4). (b’b) I am going to him who sent me (16:5-15). (b’c) A little while, and you will see me no more (16:16-22). (b’b’) I am leaving the world and going to the Father (16:23-30). (b’a’) The time of persecution is coming (16:31-33).

  38. PART V: THE HOUR OF GLORY Sequence 18: (a’) Jesus prays for the Church. Sub-structure 17:1-26 (a’a) Jesus prays to the Father to glorify him with the glory he had before the world was made (17:1-5). (a’b) Jesus speaks about his apostles, to whom he has given the Father’s word (17:1-5). (a’c) Jesus prays for his apostles (17:9-13). (a’b’) Jesus again prays for his apostles, to whom he has given the Father’s word (17:14-19). (a’a’) Jesus prays for all believers and concludes by speaking about the glory the Father gave him before the foundation of the world (17:20-26).

  39. PART V: THE HOUR OF GLORY Sequence 19: Passion, Death, and Burial (18:1-19:42) (a) Arrested in a garden, Jesus is bound and led away to trial. (18:1-12 see sub-structure) (b) Jesus, the true high priest, is put on trial before Caiaphas, The Beloved Disciple is present (18:13-27 see sub-structure) (c) Jesus, the king of Israel, is judged innocent by Pilate and rejected by his own people (18:28-29:16 see sub-structure) (b’) As true high priest, Jesus, like Isaac, carries the wood of his own sacrifice. The Beloved Disciple is present. (19:17-30 see sub-structure) (a’) Bound with burial cloths, Jesus is buried in a garden. (19:31-42 see sub-structure):

  40. PART V: THE HOUR OF GLORY Sequence 19: (a) Arrested in a garden, Jesus is bound and led away to trial. Sub-structure 18:1-12: (aa) A band of soldiers and some officers of the Jews come to arrest Jesus (18:1-3). (ab) Jesus declares, “I am he” (18:4-5). (ac) When Jesus says, “I am he,” the soldiers draw back and fall to the ground (18:6). (ab’) A third time Jesus declares, “I am he” (18:7-9). (aa’) The band of soldiers and the officers of the Jews arrest Jesus (18:10-12).

  41. PART V: THE HOUR OF GLORY Sequence 19: (b) Jesus, the true high priest, is put on trial before Caiaphas, The Beloved Disciple is present Sub-structure 18:13-27: (ba) Peter, at the house of Annas, the father-in-law of Caiaphas, denies Jesus a first time (18:13-18) (bb) The high priest questions Jesus about his teaching (18:19). (bc) Jesus defends his teaching (18:20). (bb’) Jesus questions the high priest (18:21-23) (ba’) While Jesus is being sent from Annas to Caiaphas, Peter denies Jesus a second and a third time (18:24-27).

  42. PART V: THE HOUR OF GLORY Sequence 19: (c) Jesus, the king of Israel, is judged innocent by Pilate and rejected by his own people Sub-structure 18:28-29:16 (ca) Outside, the Jews ask Pilate to condemn Jesus to death (18:28-32) (cb) Inside, Pilate questions Jesus about kingship (18:33-38a) (cc) Outside, Pilate declares, “I find no crime in him” (18:38b-40). (cd) Inside, Jesus is scourged and mocked by the soldiers as “King of the Jews.” (19:1-3) (cc’) Outside, Pilate declares, “I find no crime in him” (19:4-8). (cb’) Inside, Pilate questions Jesus about power (19:9-11) (ca’) Outside, Pilate gives in to the Jews and condemns Jesus to death (19:12-16a).

  43. PART V: THE HOUR OF GLORY   Sequence 19: (b’) As true high priest, Jesus, like Isaac, carries the wood of his own sacrifice. The Beloved Disciple is present. Sub-structure 19:17-30: (b’a) Jesus carries his own cross (19:17). (b’b) The soldiers crucify Jesus (19:18). (b’c) Pilate writes: “Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews” (19:19-22). (b’b’) The soldiers cast lots for Jesus’ garments (19:23-24). (b’a’) Jesus dies on the cross (19:25-30).

  44. PART V: THE HOUR OF GLORY Sequence 19: (a’) Bound with burial cloths, Jesus is buried in a garden. Sub-structure 19:31-42: (a’a) The Jews ask Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away (19:31). (a’b) They did not break his legs, but one of the soldiers pierced his side with a spear (19:32-24). (a’c) The witness of the Beloved Disciple (19:35) (a’b’) Not a bone of him shall be broken. They shall look on him whom they have pierced (19:36-37). (a’a’) Joseph of Arimathea asks Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus (19:38-42).

  45. PART V: THE HOUR OF GLORY Sequence 20: Mary at the Tomb (20:1-18) (a) Mary Magadelene comes to the tomb (20:1). (b) Mary tells the two disciples, “They have taken the Lord out of the tomb, and we do not know where they have laid him” (20:2-9 see sub-section). (c) Then the disciples went back to their homes (20:10). (b’) Mary tells two angels. “. . . they have taken away my Lord, and I do not know where they have laid him” (20:11-17). (a’) Mary Magdalene comes to the disciples (20:18).

  46. PART V: THE HOUR OF GLORY Sequence 20:(b) Mary tells the two disciples, “They have taken the Lord out of the tomb, and we do not know where they have laid him” sub-structure 20:2-9. (ba) 20:2 So she ran, and went to Simon Peter and the other disciple, the one whom Jesus loved, and said to them, “They have taken the Lord out of the tomb, and we do not know where they have laid him,” 3Peter then came out with the other disciple, and they went toward the tomb, They both ran, but the other disciple outran Peter and reached the tomb first; (bb) and stooping to look in, he saw the linen cloths lying there, but he did not go in. (bc) Then Simon Peter came, following him, and went into the tomb; (bb’) he saw the linen cloths lying, 7and the napkin, which had been on his head, not lying with the linen cloths but rolled up in a place by itself. (ba’) Then the other disciple, who reached the tomb first, also went in, and he saw and believed; for as yet they did not know the scripture, that the must rise from the dead.

  47. PART V: THE HOUR OF GLORY Sequence 20: (b’) Mary tells two angels. “. . . they have taken away my Lord, and I do not know where they have laid him” Sub-structure 20:11-17 (b’a) 20:11 But Mary stood weeping outside the tomb, and as she wept she stopped to look into the tomb; and she saw two angels in white, sitting where the body of Jesus had lain, one at the head and one at the feet. (b’b) They said to her, “Woman, why are you weeping?” She said to them, “Because they have taken away my Lord, and I do not know where they have laid him.” 14Saying this, she turned round and saw Jesus standing, (b’c) but she did not know that it was Jesus. (b’b’) Jesus said to her, “Woman, why are you weeping?Whom do you seek?” Supposing him to be the gardener, she said to him, “Sir, if you have carried him away, tell me where you have laid him, and I will take him away” Jesus said to her, “Mary,” She turned and said to him in Hebrew, “Rabboni!” (which means Teacher). (b’a’) Jesus said to her, “do not hold me, for I have not yet ascended to the Father; but go to my brethren and say to them, I am ascending to my Father and your Father, to my God and your God.”

  48. PART V: THE HOUR OF GLORY Sequence 21: Jesus Appears to His Disciples (20:19-21:25) (a) Jesus commissions the apostles (20:19-23). (b) Jesus’ presence is required for the conversion of Thomas (20:24-29 see sub-structure). (c) The purpose of the signs (20:30-31) (b’) Jesus presence is required for the catch of fish (21:1-14 see sub-structure) (a’) Jesus commissions Peter (21:15-25 see sub-structure)

  49. PART V: THE HOUR OF GLORY Sequence 21: (b) Jesus’ presence is required for the conversion of Thomas. Sub-structure 20:24-29 (ba) 20:24 Now Thomas, one of the twelve, called the Twin, was not with them when Jesus came. 25So the other disciples told him, “We have seen the Lord.” (bb) But he said to them, “Unless I see in his hands the print of the nails, and place my finger in the mark of the nails, and place my hand in his side, I will not believe.” (bc) Eight days later, his disciples were again in the house, and Thomas was with them. The doors were shut, but Jesus came and stood among them, and said, “Peace be with you.” (bb’) Then he said to Thomas, “Put your finger here, and see my hands; and put out your hand, and place it in my side; do not be faithless, but believing.” (ba’) Thomas answered him, “My Lord and my God!” Jesus said to him, “Have you believed because you have seen me? Blessed are those who have not seen and yet believe.”

  50. PART V: THE HOUR OF GLORY Sequence 21: (b’) Jesus presence is required for the catch of fish. Sub-structure 21:1-14 (b’a) 21:1 After this Jesus revealed himself again to the disciples by the Sea of Tiberias; and he revealed himself in this way (b’b) Simon Peter, Thomas called the Twin, Nathanael of Cana in Galilee, the sons of Zebedee, and two others of his disciples were together. Simon Peter said to them, “I am going fishing.” They said to him, “We will go with you.” They went out (exēthon) and got into (enebēsan) the boat; but that night they caught nothing. Just as day was breaking, Jesus stood on the beach; yet the disciples did not know that it was Jesus. Jesus said to them, “Children, have you any fish?” They answered him, “No,” He said to them, “Cast the net on the right side of the boat, and will you find some.” So they cast it, and now they were not able to haul (helkysai) it in, for the quantity of fish. (b’c) That disciple whom Jesus loved said to Peter, “It is the Lord!” When Simon Peter heard that it was the Lord, he put on his clothes, for he was stripped for work, and sprang into the sea. (b’b’) But the other disciples came (ēlthon) in the boat, dragging the net full of fish, for they were not far from the land, but about a hundred yards off. When they got out (apebēsan) on land, they saw a charcoal fire there, with fish lying on it, and bread. Jesus said to them. “Bring some of the fish that you have just caught.” So Simon Peter went aboard (anebē)and hauled (heilkysen) the net ashore, full of large fish, a hundred and fifty-three of them; and although there were so many, the net was not torn. Jesus said to them, “Come and have breakfast,” Now none of the disciples dared ask him, “Who are you?” They knew it was the Lord. Jesus came and took the bread and gave it to them, and so with the fish. (b’a’) This was now the third time that Jesus was revealed to the disciples after he was raised from the dead.

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