Budgeting for Gender Equality: Experience in Indonesia by Erny Murniasih

1. Budgeting for Gender Equality: Experience in Indonesia by Erny Murniasih DG Fiscal Balance, Ministry of Finance, Indonesia Bangkok, 13 June 2012

2. Outline • Gender issues in Indonesia • Gender Participation : • regulatory framework • participation approach • Gender Participation in Budgeting • Implementation of Gender Mainstreaming Program (Pilot Project in Ministry of Finance) • Challenge and the way forward

3. Gender Issues in Indonesia • Related with provision on human basic needs on job opportunity, education and health • Labor Force : gender inequality is sufficiently high with some improvement over the years Percentage of Labor Force, 2004-2008 • Female participation in labor force is still low • Female participation is mostly at informal sector Formal and Informal Sector, 2006-2008

4. Gender Issues in Indonesia • Education : the percentage of participation in schooling years both for male and female has increased over the years, especially very high at the elementary level

5. Gender Issues in Indonesia • Health : • Some regions still face high infant mortality rate due to lack of immunizations for babies and the awareness from local people towards the importance of immunizations. However, the trend shows a reduction in mortality rate • Mother’s mortality rate tends to decline (228 per 100.000 birth in 2007) but leaves more homework to achieve the MDGs target in 2015

6. Gender Participation commitment from the national leadership via regulatory framework

7. Gender Participation Participation approach – over the time • Social Welfare (1950-1970) • To increase women and the family through provision of gender practical needs (domestic role), e.g. Birth control and nutrition program • To increase woman’s participation in development (Woman in Development) through provision of gender strategic needs (domestic, productive, and social role). In 1978, a Young Minister for the Role of Woman was established at the cabinet • Equal Rights (1975-1985) • Anti Poverty and woman empowerment (1970s – 1990s) • To increase woman’s productivity and reduce poverty in woman. Eg. The family welfare movement (PKK) • Gender Mainstreaming (2000s – now) • A sustainable and equal development for man and woman in policy planning and implementation. Eg. Gender Responsive Budget, National Program on Citizen’s Empowerment (PNPM)

8. Gender Participation in Budgeting Gender Mainstreaming Program • Presidential Instruction 9/2000 outlines that Gender Mainstreaming Program is a strategy to achieve gender equality and equity through the policy and program which consider experience, aspiration, needs, and problems of woman and man in the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation process of development • Gender Mainstreaming Program is implemented on 3 main development issues : • To increase the quality of life and improve woman’s role in development, especially in health, education, economy, and access on resources and politics • To reduce violence on woman and children • to enhance Gender Mainstreaming Program capacity and empowerment for woman • Gender Mainstreaming Program has been implemented in 7 line ministeries as pilot projects since 2009, including Ministry of Finance

9. Framework for Gender Mainstreaming Program Gender Mainstreaming Program Technical Assistance to increase skills Capacity Building Consultative and Training • Government • Academicians • Labor union • Civil Society • Management • Accounting • Cooperation • Gender issues • poverty • leadership • group dynamics

10. Gender Responsive Budget Principles • Gender Responsive Budget (GRB) is not designed as a separate budget allocation for man and woman • GRB does not mean a-fifty-fifty percent budget allocation for man and woman • In the budgeting system, gender mainstreaming program is included in the output of activities • Gender Budget Statement (GBS) is used as a tool to analyse gender issues into the budget allocation

11. Scheme of Gender Budgeting in the Planning Process National Level National Budget Gender Responsive Planning Gender Responsive Budgeting Policy/Program/Activity/Output Long-term, mid-term, annual development planning Annual Working Plan and Budget

12. Implementation of Gender Mainstreaming Program Pilot Project in the Ministry of Finance • Amandement of Law on Taxation which considers gender equality aspects • Guidance on Gender Responsive Budgeting in the Ministry of Finance Decree on Annual Working Plan and Budget Review • Topic on gender mainstreaming program in leadership training for Ministry of Finance officials • Allowance for woman who is having maternity leave • Training on gender mainstreaming program to vertical offices • Facilities to MoF’s officials : • Nursery room facility • Smoking room facility • Childcare facility • Equal treatment on training and scholarship

13. Challenges and the way forward • The Way Forward • An effective Gender Mainstreaming Program requires : • Commitment • Policy • Institutional Arrangement • Resources • Data and Information System • Instruments or tools • Participation • Challenges : • Culture, tradition, and stereotypes for man and woman are still strong in some regions • Lack of capacity

14. Terima kasih