1 / 33

A Study for Introductory Terms in Logical Structure of Scientific Papers

National Institute of Informatics Kiyoko Uchiyama. A Study for Introductory Terms in Logical Structure of Scientific Papers. 1. Outline. Purpose, background, motivation What’s “Introductory terms” Analysis of logical structure Analysis of structural role Apply to MIC theory Future works.

amil
Download Presentation

A Study for Introductory Terms in Logical Structure of Scientific Papers

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. National Institute of Informatics Kiyoko Uchiyama A Study for Introductory Terms in Logical Structure of Scientific Papers 1

  2. Outline Purpose, background, motivation What’s “Introductory terms” Analysis of logical structure Analysis of structural role Apply to MIC theory Future works 2

  3. Author-based logging in

  4. Result of author’s publications &similar papers and similar researchers

  5. Keyword-based logging in

  6. Result of keyword search by cosine similarity

  7. Select seed paper & several viewpoints

  8. Jump to Cinii & REO

  9. Purpose • Investigate the occurrence of introductory terms in logical structure of textbooks, research papers and encyclopedia • Categorize each sentence including introductory terms into structural roles • Analyze how to behave the introductory terms in Introduction section 9

  10. Background • A lot of technical terms exit in specific domain • Difficult to identify the most important terms in the target field for novices • Novices should learn the basic and necessary terms in the field in the first priority 10

  11. Our motivation • Apply to a method for advanced search • Assume that introductory terms .. • play a important role for describing domain knowledge • help novices to understand the content of academic papers 11

  12. What is “introductory terms”? • Essential & basic terms for a target field • The terms that should make it a first priority to learn in a target field • Difficult to understand more difficult terms in the target field without the introductory terms 12

  13. High　　→→　introductory degree　→→　low Hidden Markov Model • Morphological analysis▼ • Syntactic analysis • Semantic analysis • Chasen • MeCab • JUMAN • KAKASI PaperＡ Conditional Random field Maximum entropy model Tutorial paper novice PaperB PaperC

  14. Automatic definition • Define the introductory terms which are selected in common by a lot of experts • Experts of specific field wrote/edited the following resources • Textbooks • Encyclopedia • Research papers 14

  15. Priority ( Frequency ) • Authors arrange the contents of their textbooks in an easy-to-understand order • Authors include important keywords in title, author-assigned keywords in academic papers • The table of contents of Encyclopedia is edited by a lot of experts 15

  16. Logical Structure • Distribution patterns in IMRD structure (Introduction, Method, Result and Discussion) of the text might be informative for identifying the introductory terms • Assume that introductory terms are frequently used in introduction section 17

  17. Data set • Target field: NLP, Target language: Japanese • Textbooks: 39 textbooks whose titles included “natural language processing” • Natural Language Processing Encyclopedia written in Japanese • Academic papers: 1421 papers of NLP research group in Information Processing Society of Japan from 1993 to 2007 18

  18. Data collection • Morphological analysis by MeCab for Japanese • Extract sequential noun strings as the term candidate in • the textbooks(694 types) • table of contents of Encyclopedia(463 types) • title, abstract and author-assigned keywords in papers ( 13493 types) • 90 terms appeared in all of three resources 19

  19. Analysis of Logical Structure • Use full text of research papers in NLP field • Target papers which describe experiments and results • Extract 100 papers which include words such as “experiment”, “evaluation”, “precision” and “%” and so on • Divide full texts into 6 sections 20

  20. 21

  21. Analysis of structural role • Extract sentences including introductory terms in Introduction • “Introduction” section has several kinds of sentences outlining the research • Categorize each sentences into structural role by manual • Analyze the sentence from the viewpoint of various features 22

  22. Structural role • Hypothesis • Motivation Problem • Background • Goal • Object • Method( new-old ) • Experiment • Model • Observation • Result • Conclusion Base on the the CoreSC Annotation scheme ( Soldatova & Liakata, 2007) 23

  23. Features in structural role • Tense, aspect, modality • Verbs • Syntactic features • Lexical features 24

  24. Tense, Aspect • Background • Recently, morphological analysis has been transitioning from the method based on heuristic knowledge to the method using probabilistic model. ( 近年、　〜しつつある。） • Related Works • The authors isproposing/proposed a method for morphological analysis using rule-based paraphrasing　（提案している => 提案した） 25

  25. Modality, Verbs • Modality • The high level of language processing would be needed for assigning semantic features to words • 必要かもしれない • Verbs • Specific verbs in present sense tend to be used in Object Ex. Propose、intend, design, tackle 26

  26. Syntactic features • Temporal expression (Background) • Recently　近年、so far　これまで、 • Several researches have been done …. 　 • 研究が行われてきた • Fixed expression (Motivation, Related-works) • It is inevitable/necessary　〜必要である • The research has not be done …　　〜の研究は行われていない • [Authors] is proposing …　提案している 28

  27. Lexical features • Keywords related to structural role • Problem • One of the main problems is that unknown word and new terms have been increasing day by day. • it costs a lot of time … • Experiment • We conducted/ proceeded the experiment • In order to evaluate our proposed method, • Result • We show the result of the experiment … • We could obtain better precision … 29

  28. Discussion • Introductory terms are frequently used in sentences to position the proposed method in a target field • Introductory terms and the structural role introduced the basic domain knowledge which is necessary for understanding the main purpose of papers • Possible to classify each sentence into specific structural role automatically 30

  29. Future works • Categorize sentences including introductory terms into each structural role automatically • Analyze the collocation words with introductory terms • Syntactic information ( subject, object, modifier, and so on ) • Semantic relation between the introductory terms and other terms ( objective, method, target ) 31

  30. Information types 32

  31. Apply to MIC theory • Logical structure consists of structural roles • The authors consider the discourse of their paper based on their proposed model/method • MIC theory could be applied to sentence level and discourse level • The order strategy of structural roles might relate to meta-information 33

  32. Analysis of Hierarchy • Sentence level • There are no researches for [METHOD] Basic expression →　informative expression Discourse level • Background: Recently, [METHOD]has been used in… • Motivation: We need to consider [METHOD] for morphological analysis • Objective-New: We propose [METHOD]　←Focus 34

  33. Conclusion • Might be interested in analysis of introductory terms and their surrounding syntactic and semantic information from the view point of MIC ( I’m not sure…) • The result of the analysis would hope to contribute the understanding of academic papers 35

More Related