Andrew Jackson

1. Andrew Jackson The President for the Common Man

2. REVIEW: Election of 1824 – “The Corrupt Bargain”

3. Evolution of American Political Parties 1790s Anti-Federalists Federalists Thomas Jefferson George Washington 1800s Jeffersonian-Republicans Federalists Thomas Jefferson John Adams 1820s Democrats National Republicans Andrew Jackson John Quincy Adams

4. Political Conflict Today Republicans Democrats “Tea Party” Republicans Democrats Republicans Taxes Health care War Education Immigration

5. Brainstorm:What kinds of issues can cause a political party to divide? Economy- government regulations to trade and economic structure War- should we or shouldn’t we? And if so, for how long and how much? Religion – how much should be allowed in gov’t? Global warming – how much we should do about it? Leadership – who can run for president? Are they any good? What qualifies to run for president? Health care- how do we decide who gets coverage? Homeland security- how to we protect our borders? Taxes – how much, who pays, what for? Slavery- should it be allowed? Modern day- big issue still. Individual/Civil Rights – who gets them, how many? State power vs. Federal power

6. Federal government should remain as inactive as possible The individual states should be responsible for internal improvements (roads, bridges, etc.) Pro-slavery Federal government should take a leadership role Federal government should support internal improvements (roads, bridges, etc.) Anti-slavery National Democrats Republicans Sum up the difference between the two political parties….

7. Election of 1828

8. Party @ the Whitehouse!

9. Andrew Jackson as President

10. Jacksonian Democracy • Previously, men had to own property to vote • In 1820 many of those state laws were changed to allow all white men (over 21) to vote RESULTS: 1824 – 356,000 votes cast (total) 1828 – 1.1 million votes cast (total)

11. Spoils System Thanks for giving me a job. “To the victor goes the spoils….” Jackson dismissed 200 presidential appointees and 2,000 other officeholders (all National Republicans) with Democrats (his party). Jackson said this made the government MORE DEMOCRATIC. Thanks for your support!

12. Limited Federal Government Jackson feared the power of the federal government Supported states’ rights As president he used his veto power to limit the power of government (more than all presidents before him)

13. The Tariff Crisis The British market wanted to destroy their American competitors by flooding the U.S. Market with inexpensive goods. Since manufacturing was a young industry in the United States, a protective tariff was implemented to encourage people to buy American.

14. The Tariff Crisis They will fight the tariff! The tariff works in their favor! Works well for the West! The South is in an uproar! Southwest is split! Jackson thinks… success!

15. You can’t put this tariff on us, Mr. President! It goes against the Constitution and therefore is null and void! Now just hold on South Carolina. Maybe we can make a compromise…

16. “The BANK, Mr. Van Buren, is trying to kill me. But I will kill IT.”

17. The Bank War Some Congressmen wanted a national bank to help control the economy. But Jackson believed the bank helped the rich (in the East) and hurt the poor (everywhere). He vetoed the national bank.

18. Ancient portrayals of kings often showed them trampling their enemies at their heels.

19. In one hand, Jackson is holding a scepter which was a symbol of kingly power. In the other hand he is holding a veto, a symbol of presidential power.

20. Trail of Tears • Worcester v. Georgia (1832): The Supreme Court ruled against Georgia, denying it the right to take Cherokee lands. • To get around the Court’s ruling, government officials signed a treaty with Cherokee leaders who favored relocation. • The Cherokee were herded by the U.S. Army on a long and deadly march west. • Of the 18,000 Cherokee forced to leave their homes, about 4,500 died on the march, which became known as the Trail of Tears.

22. Election of 1832

23. Oh, the Andrew Jackson beat me in the election! I don’t like his policies. How will we respond? We need to do something!

24. I’ve Got it! Let’s start our OWN political Party. That ought to shake things up!

27. In the early 1700s, Britain controlled the eastern coast (shown in blue), while France held the Mississippi Valley (shown in olive green) and Spain had Florida and the Great Southwest (shown in yellow).  Only the British displaced the natives with their  settlements, so in this period everything that isn't blue was generally considered to be "Indian Country". Early 1700s

28. At the Treaty of Paris in 1763, France ceded her land east of the Mississippi to England.    King George III issued the Indian Proclamation Line that ran along the crest of the Appalachian Mountains, creating the first official Indian Country.  It extended from the Appalachians to the Mississippi and south to the Spanish lands.  1763

29. The British then proceeded to negotiate treaties and acquire lands for future settlements.  By 1768 the Ft. Stanwix Treaty opened all lands south of the Ohio to the mouth of the Tennessee River. 1768

30. After the American Revolution, the new Treaty of Paris of 1783 officially revoked the Indian Proclamation Line, recognizing both intervening land cessions and the settlements that had already encroached across the Appalachians into the Ohio Valley.  Natural barriers, like the Ohio River, were again used as boundaries between white settlements and Indian Country. 1783

31. After the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, there was a movement to make the Mississippi River a natural barrier, with Indian Country to the west and everything east to be opened to settlement.  This map shows the logic of the proposed division.   1803

32. A period of rapid westward expansion followed and the line between white settlements and Indian Country was in a state of rapid flux.  By 1810 land cessions had extended west of the Mississippi.  Although they were not organized as a territory, by policy the western lands were reserved for resettlement of eastern tribes. 1810

33. The Indian Trade Act of 1834 created an Indian Territory that included all United States territory west of the Mississippi, except the states of Louisiana and Missouri and the Territory of Arkansas (shown in red). It also included est of the Mississippi in present-day Florida, Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota to which Indian Title had not been extinguished (these small isolates are not shown here).    1834

34. By 1854, Indian Territory covered only the area west of Arkansas and Missouri, from the Red River to the Missouri River, and west to the 100th Meridian. The Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole occupied all of what is now Oklahoma, except the panhandle.  Others had been relocated to what would later become Kansas and Nebraska.  1854

35. After the Civil War, the Five Nations were forced to cede their western lands and tribes from the Great Plains were relocated there. By 1876, with the admission of Kansas and Nebraska to the Union, Indian Territory had shrunk to what is now the state of Oklahoma, excluding the panhandle. 1876

36. With the passage of the General Allotment Act and the creation of Oklahoma Territory, by 1889 Indian Territory had shrunk to its final form:  the Five Nations (Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek and Seminole) and the Quapaw Tract. 1889