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BIOSYNTHESIS OF AMINO ACIDS

BIOSYNTHESIS OF AMINO ACIDS. Alanine. Pyruvate. Asparagine. Aspartate. OAA. Krebs cycle. Lysine. a -Ketoglutarate. Urea. Glutamate. Glutamine. Nucleotides. Histidine. Ornithine. Methionine. Homoserine. Tryptophan. Proline. Urea. Arginine. Nucleotides. Threonine.

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BIOSYNTHESIS OF AMINO ACIDS

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  1. BIOSYNTHESIS OF AMINO ACIDS

  2. Alanine Pyruvate Asparagine Aspartate OAA Krebs cycle Lysine a-Ketoglutarate Urea Glutamate Glutamine Nucleotides Histidine Ornithine Methionine Homoserine Tryptophan Proline Urea Arginine Nucleotides Threonine Amino sugars Creatine phosphate Isoleucine

  3. H3N- COO- COO- H3N-C-H H3N-C-H CH2 COO- CH2 C-NH2 C-NH2 O O H-C-OH COO- COO- COO- COO- CH2OP Glu Glu Glu -Kg -Kg -Kg COO- COO- COO- COO- H3N-C-H H3N-C-H C=O C=O C=O C-H CH2 CH2 CH3 CH2 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 COO- COO- Pyr L-Alanine 3-PGA ATP, NH3 CO2 L-Asparagine OAA L-Aspartate ATP, NH3 -Kg L-Glutamine L-Glutamate

  4. COO- H3N-C-H H COO- H-C-OH CH2OP Glu -Kg COO- COO- COO- C=O H3N-C-H H3N-C-H CH2OP CH2OP CH2OH Making Amino Acids from Glucose Glucose F-1,6BP Glycine G-3-P H2O NAD+ 3-PGA Serine-PO4 Pyruvate-PO4 Serine

  5. H2C CH2 H C CH H2C CH2 N COO- COO- COO- C CH H2 H3N-C-H H3N-C-H N COO- H CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 COO- CHO- NADPH Glu 1-Pyrroline carboxylic acid Glutamate semialdehyde NADPH PROLINE BIOSYNTHESIS L-Proline

  6. OAA/Aspartate COO- COO- COO- COO- COO- + + + + + H3N-C-H H3N-C-H H3N-C-H H3N-C-H H3N-C-H CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 COO- C~OPO3= CH2 CH2OH CHO O COO- + H3N-C-H H-C-OH CH3 SH ATP NADPH -Aspartyl- semialdehyde L-Aspartate NADPH Aspartyl--PO4 Threonine Homoserine L-Methionine Methyl-THF B12 p646 Homocysteine

  7. Homocysteine Serine CH3 CH2 S CH2 CH2-SH CH2 CH2 CH CH COO- COO- C=O H3N-CH NH3+ NH3+ COO- COO- Cystathionine Cystathione -lyase -ketobutyrate L-Cysteine

  8. Hormones Neurotransmitters Pigments Heme Polyamines Creatine Nucleic Acids Coenzymes Amino Acid Derivatives Take home: Amino acid provide the carbon and nitrogen atoms that make up the structures of many biomolecules with diverse biological functions

  9. Hormones • Epinephrine Phenylalanine • Auxin Tryptophan • Ethylene Methionine • Thyroxine Tyrosine

  10. Neurotransmitters • Norepinephrine Phenylalanine • Dopamine Phenylalanine • Serotonin Tryptophan • GABA Glutamate

  11. H CH2-C-COO- CO2 CH2-CH2-NH3+ H N H N NH3+ H N H N + + H HO CH2-C-COO- CH2-CH2-NH3+ O2 NH3+ N N CO2 Famous Decarboxylations L-Histidine Histamine (A-CHOO!) L-Tryptophan 5-hydroxytryptamine Serotonin

  12. H CO2 H3N-C-H CH2 CH2 COO- COO- H3N-C-H CH2 CH2 COO- -Aminobutyric Acid L-Glutamate (GABA)

  13. COO- + H3N-C-H H Versatility of Glycine Serine Purine Ring Glutathione Heme Glyoxylate Creatine-PO4

  14. + N H2 C N CH2-COO- H2 N CH3 O O-P~ O Creatine Phosphate H ARGININE Creatine-PO4 GLYCINE METHIONINE

  15. HO HO HO H H H H CH2-C-COO- CH2-C-COO- CH2-C-COO- CH2-C-H NH3+ NH3+ NH3+ NH3+ HO HO CO2 Phenylalanine Tyrosine Catechol L-DOPA Dopamine Catecholamine

  16. O2 HO HO HO H H H CH2-C-H C-CH2-NH3+ C-CH2-N-CH3 HO HO NH3+ OH OH HO H Dopamine Norepinephrine SAM Epinephrine (Adrenaline)

  17. – CH2 H2C COO – – COO COO H3N-C-H H2 C C H H3N-C-H H3N-C-H N COO CH2 H CH2 CH2 CH2 – CH2 CH2 CH2 H2C COO – – COO COO H C C H N COO

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