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CHAPTER 9

CHAPTER 9. THE HUMAN SERVICE PROFESSIONAL AND THE WORLD OF WORK. Some Definitions. Avocation : A chosen activity, not necessarily pursued for money, that gives the individual satisfaction and fulfills an important aspect of the person’s life.

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CHAPTER 9

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  1. CHAPTER 9 THE HUMAN SERVICE PROFESSIONAL AND THE WORLD OF WORK

  2. Some Definitions • Avocation: A chosen activity, not necessarily pursued for money, that gives the individual satisfaction and fulfills an important aspect of the person’s life. • Career: The totality of work and life roles through which the individual expresses himself or herself. • Career Awareness: Career decision consciousness facilitated through a self-examination of values, abilities, preferences, knowledge of occupations and life roles, and interests. • Career Counseling: Individual or group counseling with a focus on increasing career awareness and fostering decision-making relative to career goals. • Career Development: All the psychological, sociological, educational, physical, economic, and other factors that shape one’s career over the life span.

  3. Some Definitions (Cont’d) • Career Guidance: A program, by helping professionals, that offers information concerning career development and facilitates career awareness. • Career Path: The sequence of positions or jobs, typically signifying potential advancement, available to persons within an organization or business. • Jobs: Positions within a work environment (e.g., school, agency, business) that are similar in nature. • Leisure—Time taken from required effort (for example, job or occupation) to pursue self-chosen activities that express one’s abilities and interests. • Occupation—Jobs of a similar nature that can be found within several work environments and connote the kinds of work a person is pursuing. • Work—Effort expended in pursuit of a job, occupation, or avocation to produce or accomplish something.

  4. The Importance of Career Development • Work Serves Important Economic, Social, and Psychological Needs (See Table 9.1, p. 267) • Adequate Career Planning and Counseling Associated With: • Job Satisfaction • Positive Mental Health

  5. A Little Bit of History • Industrial Revolution: Demographic Changes and Shifts in the Types of Available Jobs • Vocational Development and Social Reform: New Focus on Helping Individuals • Parsons’s Trait-and-factor Approach: Vocational Guidance Is a 3‑step Process: • Knowing Oneself • Knowing Job Characteristics • Making a Match • National Vocational Guidance Association (NVGA) (1913)

  6. A Little Bit of History (Cont’d) • 1920s & 1930s: • Vocational Guidance in Schools • Testing Movement Expands and Used in Vocational Guidance • Dictionary of Occupational Titles • 1950s • Shift from Vocational Guidance to Career Development Began • National Defense Education Act (NDEA): Career Guidance in Schools • 1960s & 1970s • New Comprehensive Models of Career Guidance (e.g., Super) • 1980s to Now: • Life‑span Process • Info AgeExpands Career Info

  7. Models of Career Development • Super’s Developmental Self-concept Theory • Five‑stage Process • Growth Stage • Exploration Stage • Establishment Stage • Maintenance Stage • Deceleration Stage

  8. Models of Career Development (Cont’d) • Holland’s Personality Type and Occupational Code Approach • People Express Their Personality Through Their Career Choices • Fit Between an Personality Type and Chosen Field Related to Career Satisfaction • Six Types: Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional • Do Activity 9.1, p. 272

  9. Models of Career Development (Cont’d) • Social Cognitive Career Theory • Pulls Together a Number of Theories • Self-Efficacy: Types of Choices Based on Our Beliefs About Whether We can Do Certain Things • Social Learning Theory: Career Decision-Making A Function of Learned Experiences and We Can Learn New Ways of Being • Sociological Theory: Issues Outside Ourselves Affects Our Choices • Discrimination • Mobility • Sexism • The Economy

  10. Integrating Models of Career Development • Today, Most Counselors Integrate the Different Approaches • See Box 9.1, p. 275 • Identify How The Different Theories Apply to Roger

  11. The Use of Informational Systems in Career Development • Occupational Classification Systems • O*NET Online and O*NET Dictionary of Occupational Titles • Developed by Department of Labor • Replaces Dictionary of Occupational Titles • Online and Hardcopy Versions • Provides Large Array of Occupational Information • See Box 9.2, p. 276; and Box 9.3, p. 277

  12. The Use of Informational Systems in Career Development (Cont’d) • Occupational Classification Systems (Cont’d) • Guide for Occupational Exploration • Includes 14 Interest Areas • 1000 Jobs Cross-Referenced with the Interest Areas • Offers Wide Range of Info About The Jobs • See Box 9.4, p. 278 • Occupational Outlook Handbook • Developed by Department of Labor • 250 Jobs Representative of Many Common Work Settings • Offers Wide Range of Information

  13. The Use of Informational Systems in Career Development (Cont’d) • Assessment Instruments • Interest Inventories • Examines Clients’ Interests Related To World of Work • E.g., Strong, Career Decision-Making System, Career Assessment Inventory • Assessment of Aptitude • Examines One’s Ability In Different Areas • E.g., Differential Aptitude Test (DAT) Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) • Personality Assessment • How Personality Types Might Fit Into Certain Job Areas • E.g., Myers-Briggs, California Psychological Inventory • See Box 9.5, p. 279

  14. The Use of Informational Systems in Career Development (Cont’d) • Computer-Assisted Career Guidance • Comprehensive Computer-Based Programs: Access A Large Array of Information to Help Individuals in Their Career Decision-Making Process • Testing: Individuals Take Career-Related Tests Directly On Computer • The Internet: • Can Access Career Information (e.g., O*NET; OOH) • Can Download Tests • Can Go to Career Sites • Other Sources: • Government Agencies - Professional Associations • Commercial Publishers - Periodicals • Educational Institutions - Books (E.g., What Color is Your Parachute?)

  15. Choosing a Career in the Human Service Profession • Am I in the Right Field? • Do a Self-analysis to See If There’s a Fit for You in the Human Service Field • Seek Out Your Career Services Center at Your College • Consider Strategies in Next Section of This PowerPoint on “Helping Clients Choose a Career”

  16. Choosing a Career in the Human Service Profession (Cont’d) • Helping Clients Choose a Career • Strategies When Doing Career Counseling with Adults • Conduct a Thorough Clinical Interview (See P. ???) of Text • Conduct an Assessment • Develop Treatment Strategies • Offer Resources • Raise Awareness • Facilitate Decision-Making • Examine Choices • Facilitate Choice Making • Follow-Up • Recycle

  17. Ethical, Professional, and Legal Issues • Optimizing Career Options - Being All That You Can Be • One Should Never Tell Another That He or She Cannot Succeed in a Field • Note Strengths & Weaknesses, Listen Carefully (see Appendix B, Statement 9) • Let Client Decide What Seem Best • Respect the Integrity and Welfare of Your client (see Appendix B, Statement 2)

  18. Developmentally Mature HS Professionals • View Career Choice as a Life‑span Process • Career awareness and career choices occur over one’s lifespan • Career choosing is a never ending process.

  19. Experiential Exercises and Ethical and Professional Vignettes • See Pages 285-291

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