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C ollaboration for a quaponics s ustainable E nergy

Team Members: Ben Steffes Dan Neumann Brandon Jackson Nate Weber Chris Chapman Faculty Advisor: Dr. Chris Damm. Design and Modeling of Combined Heat and Power Systems for Sustainable Urban Agriculture and Aquaculture.

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C ollaboration for a quaponics s ustainable E nergy

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  1. Team Members: Ben Steffes Dan Neumann Brandon Jackson Nate Weber Chris Chapman Faculty Advisor:Dr. Chris Damm Design and Modeling of Combined Heat and Power Systems for Sustainable Urban Agriculture and Aquaculture Collaboration for aquaponicssustainableEnergy Milwaukee School of Engineering

  2. Aquaponics overview Borrowed from: http://www.photosbysc.com/Aquaponics/Saras_Aquaponic_Blog/Entries/2008/4/13_What_is_Aquaponics_files/droppedImage_1.png

  3. CHP overview • CHP  Combined Heat and Power • One fuel source for multiple types of output power • Electricity • Thermal Energy • High overall efficiency CHP System Thermal Fuel Electrical

  4. Our Goals… • Develop models to guide in the development of an advanced energy system for aquaponics • System level design of an environmentally responsible and economical system capable of reducing carbon emissions through higher efficiency • Create a simulation tool to aid in the designing and selection of aquaponics energy systems

  5. Greenhouse Environment between 45-60% relative humidity and 55°F-85°F Rearing Tank sizes ranging from 1,000-20,000 gallons Maintain Tank Temperature Between 75°F-85°F Consider both natural and artificial lighting Design Constraints: Aquaponics

  6. Provide power to aerate, heat, and pump tank water Provide power for artificial lighting Operate on Natural Gas Continuous Operation With Exception for Maintenance Less CO2 emissions than Milwaukee Emission Statistic Lowest Cost/Least Environmental Impact Design Constraints: Power Production

  7. Mechanical • Natural Gas Engine with Heat Exchangers • Supply mechanical demand for: • Pumps • Blowers • Heat exchangers to Provide heat for aquaponics tank(s) • Electrical • Commercial CHP generator set • Supply electricity for: • Pumps • Lighting • Provide heat for aquaponics tank(s) Initial Plans

  8. Engine Trouble • Introducing lubrication (2-stroke) • Maintenance cycle • Space requirements • Efficiency of Heat Exchangers Electrical vs. Mechanical

  9. Took system level approach to pairing CHP and aquaponics using commercially available CHP generators Selected Marathon ecopower Moving Forward with Electrical System Borrowed from: mathonengine.com

  10. Marathon Ecopower • Estimated installed system cost approximately $35,000 • 4000 hour maintenance interval

  11. CHP system sized for thermal load • Point of most efficient operation • Model used to approximate thermal loading • Surface convection and evaporation, wall convection, base conduction, and hydroponic tank losses Thermal Modeling

  12. Evaporation (Two Models) • (R.V. Dunkle 1961) Based on model of distillation pond evaporation • (W.S. Carrier 1918) Empirical model based on indoor swimming pools • Surface Convection • Related to surface evaporation (I.S. Bowen 1926)

  13. Wall Convection • Based on non-dimensionalized analysis of flat plate convection • Hydroponics Tank Losses

  14. Psychrometric Chamber Testing

  15. Thermal Load Profile

  16. University of Virgin Islands (UVI) • Raft Style Commercial System • Proportioning Hydroponic Tank to Rearing Tank • Hydraulic Loading Rate • Retention Time • Feed Rate Aquaponic System Proportioning

  17. Power Requirements • Pumping • Centrifugal Pump • 45% Efficiency (elec.-water) • Rearing Tank Aeration • Greater Stocking Density • Regenerative Blower • 64% Efficiency (elec.-water) • Artificial Lighting • Implemented in few cases • 18 Hr daylight grow period • Faster Plant Growth

  18. Power Calculation Methods

  19. Sized System For Marathon EcoPOWER (11000 gallon) University of Virgin Islands System Using developed procedure (8240 Gallon) System Calculated Power: Pumping: 0.64 Hp (460 W) Aeration: 1.44 Hp (1.06 kW) Lighting: 43.8 Hp (32.7 kW) Thermal: 39000 Btu/hr (11.43 kW) Calculated Power: Pumping: 0.50 Hp (370 W) Aeration: 1.1 Hp (800 W) Lighting: None Thermal: None UVI System: Pumping: 0.50 Hp Fish Tank Aeration: 1.5 Hp System Heat & Power Requirements

  20. Results of economic analysis Conditions: • $35,000 installed system cost • Analysis uses current utility pricing • CHP system run using thermal load following • Net metering 1:1 • Replaces 75% efficient natural gas water heater Results: • 31,000 kWh Electricity Generated Annually • 83,000 kWh Water Heating • Using 462,000 cu.ft natural gas ($4,300) • $3,000 Annual Benefit • 12 year simple payback • 10 year payback with 3% inflation • No incentives applied

  21. Results of Environmental Analysis Results: • 16.4 tCO2 avoided annually based on Milwaukee emissions profile • 14.5 tCO2 avoided annually based on National emissions profile • Equivalent to approximately 2.8 cars and light trucks not used • 20.4 MPG • 11,720 Miles

  22. Future Plans • To provide a selection tool to farmers to assist in incorporating CHP into efficient aquaponics operations

  23. Questions

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