Download
1 / 16
E N D
THE INVENTOR OF THE CONCEPT • The concept of GREENHOUSE EFFECT comes from Svanten Arrhenius (1896), in those years the greenhouses were fashionable, the crystals of the greenhouses stop to spend(pass) the solar radiation, but they catch part(report) producciendo an increase of local temperature. It was the first one in realizing that the fossil fuels were increasing the quantity of CO2 in the atmosphere and predicted that this would provoke a global heating.
WHAT IS THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT? • The greenhouse effect is, actually a natural phenomenon caused by the gas presence in the atmosphere, principally water steam and carbonic gas. These gases retain part of the caloric energy that is received of the Sun, supporting the temperature inside limits that have allowed the development of the life since we know. Without the natural concentration of these gases in the atmosphere, the temperature mediate in the surface of the Earth it would be similar to the moon, approximately 18 centigrate degrees (18°C) under zero, with what it is necessary in order that life exists.
HOW DO THE GASES AFFECT TO THE TEMPERATURE? • The gases of the greenhouse effect allow the step of the lot radiations of short wave, warming the surface of the Earth. Simultaneously they absorb part of the heat that you eat from the surface in the shape of infrared radiations, major length of wave that the lot light. It still to medium temperature in the surface of the planet of approximately 15 centigrates degres. • The greenhouse effect is not, for yes same, a threat to the life in the Earth. But the human activity tends to increase the concentration of CO2 and other gases in the atmosphere. Consequence, a major quantity of caloric solar energy is caught in the atmosphere, raising the temperature I mediate of the planet. It thinks that the temperature in the next 50 years might increase from 1 to 2.5 centigrate degrees, it does not seem to be great, but if we bear in mind that in the last 10000 years the everage temperature of the land has not risen in mas of 3 centigrate degrees, this increase seems to be considerable. In 2100 it is calculated that being kept the pace of warming, the everage temperature will increase between 3.5 and 4.2 centigrate degrees.
THE CAUSATIVE GASES OF THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT. • The CO2, this gas represents 50 % of the greenhouse effect derived from the human activity, his origin: Oil, Natural Gas and mineral Coal. An additional source of CO2 is the deforestation in the tropic. His time of resistance in the atmosphere is goes of the 100 to 150 years. • Nitrous oxide, N2O, they represent 6 % of the greenhouse effect, the contribution of every molecule is 200 times mas powerfully that one of CO2, with a time of resistance in the atmosphere of 150 years. His origin they are the chimeneas of the energetic head offices that use coal, pipes of leak of cars and nitrogenous fertilizers used in the agriculture. They are the persons in charge of the acid rain that affects forests, lakes, rivers and crops.. • The methane CH4, gas derived from the decomposition of organic substances in poor environments of oxygen The half of the production of the methane comes from the cultivated fields of rice, from the animal activity and the action of the thermites, a fourth part of swampy and humid zones, and the rest of garbages, manufacturer's production of natural gas and mineral coal. Most of the Methane that is expressed to the atmosphere is neutralized by the radical OH, but the effect of a molecule of methane is 25 times of one of CO2. His time of resistance in the atmosphere is 7 to 10 years
The cloro-fluoro-carbonos CFCs, before we have seen since it acts in the destruction of the cap of Ozone and the consequences that stem, it is necessary to stand out against these compounds that they constitute in 14 % to the greenhouse effect, and that the effect of a molecule of CFC-11 or of CFC-12 is 3500 or 7300 times that of a molecule of CO2,respectively.The trophospheric zone 03,that is to say the ozone that one finds in the low zone of the atmosphere contributing to the greenhouse effect . Every molecule is a 2000 gimes as more effective in head catches that a molecule of CO2.His resistance in the atmosphere is for hours. In the conference of KIOTO to these compounds him were added the PFC,(PerFluoroCarbons) and the floruros of sulphur: 1) SF6, frivolous gas that takes place in small quantities in the burning of fossil fuels, but it is considered of little importance opposite to CO2 or methane. 2) PFC:tetrafloruro of methane (CF4), Hexafloruro of Ethane (C2F6), the danger of these compounds is very important since a ton of PFC emitted to the atmosphere has the same effect that 5400 tons of CO2 or 245 tons of Methane in a period of one century, besides have the aptitude to remain in the atmosphere 10000 years If under the abbreviation PFC (being calling them polyfluorocarbons in consideration of his content in Halogens and as organic compounds) englobamos to "many" and diverse forms of compounds Organic Fluorados (Freones, Haloes, anhídridos or hydrated, tar after caulking, esteres, aromatic, alifatics, polycyclical, polymers ...),
It is to say to all base them with "F" on his chemical formula, recognized like of "Greenhouse effect", we will be in conditions to claim for them the major responsibility in the climatic Global change. Inside these directives there are many people who considers to the FLUORINE as the most dangerous element that can be emitted to the atmosphere.
In the following table we see the percent of emission of CO2 to the atmosphere of a few countries:
WHAT HAS WE DONE TO REMEDY THE SITUATION The gravity of the deterioration of the cap of Ozone needs that all the countries of the world arouse and join his forces to try to remedy it. In 1987, in Montreal one gave the first step to try to settle the problem, the governments of all the countries of the world agreed take measurements to settle the problem with the signature of the PROTOCOL OF MONTREAL. It constitutes an international agreement that regulates the consumption, production and world trade of the substances that exhaust Ozone: Chlorfluorocarbons, Haloes, Hidrofluorocarbonos, metilcloroformo and tetrachloride of carbon The result of the agreement was a commitment of the countries developed to taking immediate actions, on his part the countries in routes of development compromised themselves there is necessary to take measurements in the next decade. But the destruction of the cap of ozone does not stop. In 1990 there was a meeting in London, and to this one it followed other one in Copenhagen, many countries took the decision to accelerate the elimination of substances destroyers of the cap of ozone, and there was achieved that they were helping themselves to the countries in development financing mechanisms.
It was create the PNUMA (program of the nations joined for topics environment), in this program scientists, manufacturers and governments get together to initiate global preventive actions. Information is shared and there is facilitated the transmission of technology and financial assistance to the countries most poor persons, this one is the assignment of this program. Specific objectives of the international agreements: The developed countries had to stop producing CFC for the year 1996. For the year 2030 it hopes that one will have stopped producing in the world the substances controlled by the Protocol. The countries in development that they have a lower consumption than 0,3 kg/hab, will not be able to increase it in the future years and, in any case, they will have to stop his consumption for the year 2006. The substances defined by the Protocol since menacing for the cap of ozone they will be able to continue being used, but only with essential ends for which substitute does not exist on the market. The United States promised to effect reductions 7 % below the level of 1990 within the period 2008 - 2012, that is to say 30 % compared with the trend in the year 1990. The European Union compromised itself to reductions that go from 8 to 10 % below the levels of 1990 inside the space before indicated, this reduction would reach 8 %. Japan accepted 6 % reduced his emission below the level of 1990 within the period 2008 - 2012.
The countries with " economies in transition " (basically the integral countries of the Soviet Ex-block) can expire with the different commitments detailed in this Annexe but choose a period base different from 1990. It is necessary to emphasize that the countries in routes of development, do not have any obligation to reduce his emission, (there is kept the principios of " Common but differentiated responsibilities "). This protocol, of the goals be completing, would allow to reduce the levels below 5 % approximately with regard to the levels of 1990 in the year 2012. In Buenos Aires 1998 I celebrate another meeting, one of the most debated points was referring to the transference of technologies to countries in development from developed countries, in this aspect one agreed that the first ones in his " National Communications " include his needs of technology beside identifying the programs and projects of cooperation.
WHAT CAN WE DO? • All of us must take care of our major house. Some of the actions that we can realize they are: Internalizar the concientización, education and ecological publication in each of us • . Not to waste electricity, water, gas, and in general all the natural and not renewable resources. • To separate the solid tailing according to his type (glass, paper, aluminiums, etc.) to facilitate his compilation and recycling. • Use of materials, appliances, and such ecological resources like: recycled paper, vehicles that there work with energy not pollutants, use of solar, wind power, etc. • Pollutants do not use products, such as the aerosols that contain CFC, detergents, etc • To demand and to know the ecological plans of the governments, and the plans of " Development Sustentable ".
CONSECUENCES • Consecuences:We know the consequences for that we can expect from the greenhouse effect for the next century, in case it does not return to lower values: • Increase of the average temperature of the planet. • Increase of droughts in a few zones and floods in others. • Major frequency of formation of hurricanes. • Progressive thaw of the polar caps, with the consequent raise of the levels of the oceans. • Increase of the rainfalls to planetary level but it will rain fewer days and more torrentially. • Increase of the quantity of warm days, translated in heat waves.
