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Chapter 5: The Nonliving Environment

Chapter 5: The Nonliving Environment. Section 1: Abiotic Factors . Abiotic Factors: “not” biotic factors, nonliving Name 4 from the pic . Air Soil Rocks Water Sunlight Temperature Climate. Atmosphere. Air contains: 78% Nitrogen 21% Oxygen .03% Carbon Dioxide

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Chapter 5: The Nonliving Environment

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  1. Chapter 5: The Nonliving Environment

  2. Section 1: Abiotic Factors • Abiotic Factors: “not” biotic factors, nonliving • Name 4 from the pic. • Air • Soil • Rocks • Water • Sunlight • Temperature • Climate

  3. Atmosphere • Air contains: • 78% Nitrogen • 21% Oxygen • .03% Carbon Dioxide • Needed for Photosynthesis. The process that supports all life.

  4. Water • Essential for life on earth. • Living organisms are 50-95% water. • Water covers over 70% of earth’s surface, however: • Over 97% of it is saltwater in the oceans. • Only 3% of the earth’s water is freshwater. • 68% of this water is locked in glaciers. • 30% is found in the ground • Less than 0.3% of the freshwater on earth is in lakes, rivers, swamps, and the atmosphere. AKA, usable water.

  5. Soil • Mixture of minerals, rock particles, decaying organisms, water, and air. • Abiotic because it is mostly rocks and minerals. • Contains many biotic factors as well: • Bacteria • Fungus • Insects • Worms

  6. Sunlight and Temperature • Sunlight is the original source of energy for earth. • Used in photosynthesis. Eventually supports all life. • Temperature of a region is controlled by the sunlight. • Latitude: • The closer to the equator, the more direct sunlight a region gets for more days per year. • Elevation • Lower temperature at higher elevations. Why? • Air is thinner, therefore less molecules. • Heat is the amount of energy that molecules have……..

  7. Climate and Wind • An area’s average weather conditions • Temperature and Precipitation: 2 key components • Influence the type of life that inhabits any ecosystem. • Wind • Also a result of the sun. • Wind is caused when molecules in an area of the atmosphere are heated.

  8. Abiotic Factors influencing Biotic Factors.

  9. Section 2: Cycles in Nature • The Water Cycle

  10. Nitrogen Cycle: What is Nitrogen? • Important ingredient in proteins of life. • Essential part of our DNA chain. • The most plentiful gas in the atmosphere. (78%) • Very few organisms can use N from the air. • Nitrogen fixing bacteria in the soil form N compounds that plants can use. • These bacteria are found in the nodules (roots) of soybeans, peas, and clover. • Lightning also releases Atmospheric Nitrogen to the rain and eventually soil to be used by plants. (5-8% )

  11. The Nitrogen Cycle.

  12. The Carbon Cycle • A cycle of carbon atoms between the living and non-living parts of the ecosystems.

  13. Section 3: Energy Flow • Photosynthesis vs. Chemosynthesis • Photo: the use of light by plants to produce energy rich molecules • Chemo: the use of chemicals by bacteria to produce energy rich molecules • Deep sea ocean vents. No sunlight. • Food webs begin with bacteria, not plants. • Sulfur emitted by the volcanic vents is synthesized by the bacteria into energy.

  14. Energy Pyramid

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