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CONCEPTS OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

CONCEPTS OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY. सूचना एवं संचार तकनीकी की अवधारणाऐं. Skelton of Discussion.

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CONCEPTS OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

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  1. CONCEPTS OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY सूचना एवं संचार तकनीकी की अवधारणाऐं

  2. Skelton of Discussion • Information and other terms closely related and used- like NEWS- what is NEWS- what is information- what is knowledge- what is communication- Relationship between Information and communication- what is Technology- IT & ITC- changes brought by ITC.

  3. Key Terms of ITC • Information, News, Knowledge, Communication, Technology.

  4. What is News?

  5. News is the communication of information on current events or any new addition in our knowledge which is presented by print, broadcast, internet, or word of mouth to a third party or mass audience. • One theory says that news developed as a special use of the plural form of new in the 14th century.

  6. So we can say that every information when it comes to us first time is a news. • NOW HOW CAN WE DEFINE INFORMATION?

  7. Information?

  8. Information: Etymology • The word is derived from the Latin verb "informare" (to inform) in the sense of "to give form to the mind", "to discipline", "instruct", "teach“. • In this sense it is a representation in mind.

  9. As a Reflection in Nervous System • A sensory input  to an organism. • When an organism with a nervous system receives an input, it transforms the input into an electrical signal. This is regarded information by some. • जब तंत्रिका तंत्र वाला कोई जीव एक संकेत प्राप्त करता है तो वह उसे विद्युत तरंगों में बदल देता है इसे ही कुछ लोग सूचना कहते हैं

  10. Information as a Representation in Mind • The idea of representation is relevant, but not as a input but as an mental image. For example abstract painting does not represent anything concretely, when the viewer sees the painting, it is nevertheless transformed into electrical signals that create a representation of the painting.

  11. Not Related to Truth • Defined as a representation to brain, information does not have to be related to truth, intent of communication, or representation of an object.  • Entertainment in general is not intended to be informative. Music, the performing arts, amusement parks, works of fiction and so on are thus forms of information in this sense.

  12. INFORMATION BEYOND A CONSCIOUS MIND • Information is any type of pattern that influences the formation or transformation of other patterns. In this sense, there is no need for a conscious mind to perceive, much less appreciate, the pattern. • For example, DNA. The sequence of nucleotides is a pattern that influences the formation and development of an organism without any need for a conscious mind.

  13. Information as Records • Records are a specialized form of information. Records are information produced consciously or as by-products of business activities or transactions and retained because of their value.

  14. Knowledge? • At this point we will also understand another Term, that is knowledge. • What is knowledge?

  15. KNOWLEDGE MEANS • Transformation of Information: • reviewing information in order to effectively derive value and meaning • referencing experiences/metadata if any is available • establishing a relevant context, often selecting from many possible contexts • deriving new knowledge from the information • making decisions or recommendations from the resulting knowledge.

  16. Communication • What is Communication?

  17. Communication • Communication is a process whereby information is enclosed in a package and is channelled and imparted by a sender to a receiver via some medium. The receiver then decodes the message and gives the sender a feedback.

  18. All forms of communication require • a sender, (प्रेषक) • a message, (संदेश) • a medium (माध्यम) • an intended recipient, (ग्रहीता) • Feedback (अनुक्रियात्मक सामग्री या पृष्टपोषण)

  19. However the receiver need not be present or aware of the sender's intent to communicate at the time of communication in order for the act of communication to occur.

  20. Principles of Communication • Principle of readiness and motivation • Principle of competency and worth • Principle of sharing and interaction • Principle ofsuitability of the communication contests • Principle of appropriateness of the communication media or channel

  21. Principle of appropriate feedback • Principle of facilitators and barriers of communication

  22. Cultural and Lingual Commonality • Communication requires that all parties have an area of communicative commonality. There are  • auditory means, such as speech, song, and tone of voice, and there are  • nonverbal means, such as body language, sign language, touch, eye contact, through media, i.e., pictures, graphics and sound, and writing.

  23. Information and Communication • What is the relation between Information and Communication?

  24. Information is useless if it is not communicated. For Communication of Information, we consider many elements • purpose of communication • meaning of a message • logic and grammar of message • communication channels

  25. Technology • What do we mean by Technology?

  26. Etymology • The word technology comes from the Greek technología — téchnē, an 'art', 'skill' or 'craft' and -logía, the study of something, or the branch of knowledge of a discipline.

  27. Variations of Definition • Definition of technology as applied science is especially prominent among scientists and engineers. • Most social scientists who study technology reject this definition. Technology is the usage and knowledge of tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization. • Technology includes all tools, machines, utensils, weapons, instruments, housing, clothing, communicating and transporting devices and the skills by which we produce and use them.

  28. Information Technology (IT) • Information Technology and Information and Communication Technology are often used synonyms. • But there is a slight difference. • Information technology (IT) is "the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware“. •  IT deals with the use of electronic computers and computer software to securely convert, store, protect, process, transmit, input, output, retrieve information.

  29. ICT • ICT is a more general term that stresses the role of communications (telephone lines and wireless signals) in modern information technology. • ICT consists of all technical means used to handle information and aid communication, including both computer and network hardware as well as necessary software. • In other words, ICT consists of IT as well as telephony, broadcast media, and all types of audio and video processing and transmission.

  30. Now we will see in brief what ICT has done to our matchbox communication.

  31. Match Box Communication is a Human Communication 1.Communicator, 2.Medium, 3. Message and4. Receiver @#$%! @#^&!

  32. Match Box Communication is a Human Communication 1.Communicator 2.Medium 3. Message 4. Receiver

  33. Human Communication

  34. Non-Human Communicator It is not just a transmitting device. It can response to the feedback and queries after analysing and processing the data. @#$%! @#^&! 1001

  35. A Non Human Communicator

  36. Receiver Too! For computers we have developed languages and rules for communication between them. These languages and rules are called protocols. The most well known protocols are TCP/IP, used in the Internet.

  37. Whither the Matchbox

  38. What ITC has done to the Massage? • All the Text, sounds and graphics are converted to the binary codes.

  39. ASCII Coding

  40. PATNA WOMEN’S COLLEGE • 01010000 01000001 01010100 01001110 01000001 00100000 01010111 01001111 01001101 01000101 01001110 00100111 01010011 00100000 01000011 01001111 01001100 01001100 01000101 01000111 01000101

  41. Conclusion • Information and communication technology (ICT) has become, within a very short time, one of the basic building blocks of modern society. • Many countries now regard understanding ICT and mastering the basic skills and concepts of ICT as part of the core of education, alongside reading, writing and numeracy.

  42. Self Work Suggestion • What do we mean by Information and Communication Technology? Write a brief article. • Write a short note on the process of communication.

  43. Suggested Readings • For Communication: • Educational Technology: Mangal and Mangal Pp. -320-335(in Hindi) Pp.-306-323 (in English) • J.C. Agrawal (Vikas Publication)

  44. Next class • Factors affecting Classroom communication

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