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Echinoidea

Echinoidea. Harrison Cassidy, Lauren Bower, Ren ée Carew, Tosin Fashoranti. Introduction. Phylum Echinodermata Regular and Irregular Found in all intertidal zones ~1000 known species. Evolutionary History. Regular echinoids 450 million years ago during the Ordovician Period

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Echinoidea

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  1. Echinoidea Harrison Cassidy, Lauren Bower, Renée Carew, TosinFashoranti

  2. Introduction • Phylum Echinodermata • Regular and Irregular • Found in all intertidal zones • ~1000 known species

  3. Evolutionary History • Regular echinoids • 450 million years ago during the Ordovician Period • Irregular echinoids • Ancestral deuterostome • Believed to evolve from the edioasteriods

  4. Edrioasteroids

  5. Regular Echiniods • Water vascular system • Locomotion • Respiration • Food an waste transportation • Aristotle’s lantern • Bilateral symmetry • Test (aka the shell) • Movable spines • Inhabit the ocean floor • Omnivores

  6. Irregular • Not formally a group • Penta-radial & bilateral symmetry • Anus on the side rather than apex

  7. Heart Urchin • About 2 inches in diameter • Muddy areas, burrowing up to 6 inches • Most common in depths under 160ft

  8. Sand Dollar • Shallow, sandy areas • Flattened • Miniature spines (felt like) • Aristotle’s Lantern (mouth) more flat & grinds sand • Bury themselves for defense

  9. Life Cycle • There are two types of life cycles: • Planktotrophy • Lecithotrophy

  10. Planktotrophy • Several eggs are externally fertilized in the water column • Larval phase • Echinopluteus Echinopluteus

  11. Lecithotrophy • Fewer eggs that are larger • The eggs are externally fertilized in the mother’s pouch • No larval phase

  12. Fun facts • The red sea urchin can live up to 200 years or longer. • Sea urchin eggs are commonly eaten in sushi. • Sea urchins are also called “sea heghogs”. • They have a large fossil record due to the high calcium content in their shells.

  13. Bibliography • "The Echinoid Directory." - Natural History Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Mar. 2014. http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/echinoid-directory/intro/introduction.html • "Animal Diversity Web." Animal Diversity Web. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Mar. 2014. <http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Echinoidea/>. • "Introduction to the Echinoidea." The Echinoidea. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Mar. 2014. http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/echinodermata/echinoidea.html • Follo, Judy. "Animal Diversity Web." Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan, n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2014. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Echinoidea/ • "Investigation." Sea Urchin. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. <http://tolweb.org/treehouses/?treehouse_id=4881>. • "Class Echinoidea." Class Echinoidea. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. <http://encina.pntic.mec.es/~nmeb0000/invertebrates/equinodermos/gruposequinodermos/equinoideos.html>.

  14. Heart Urchin. Digital image. Heart Urchin. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2014. <http://www.afsc.noaa.gov/race/media/photo_gallery/invert_files/Heart_urchin.htm>. • Kroh, A. & Mooi, R. (2011). World Echinoidea Database. Available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/echinoidea[accessed 2014-03-30]. • Living Sand Dollar. Digital image. Panoramio. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2014. <http://www.panoramio.com/photo/20966104>. • Long Post Central. Digital image. (Sand Dollars!  Actually a Sort of Sea Urchin! For...). N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2014. <http://stuckinabucket.tumblr.com/post/53620165374/sand-dollars-actually-a-sort-of-sea-urchin-for>. • "The Echinoid Directory." - Natural History Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2014. <http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/echinoid-directory/intro/introduction.html>. • "Major Phyla Of Animals." Animal Phyla. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Mar. 2014. <http://waynesword.palomar.edu/trnov01.htm>. • "The Heart Urchin." Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. <http://www.sms.si.edu/IRLFieldGuide/Moira_atropo.htm>.

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