O il shale – viewed in the light of the Estonian experience

1. Oil shale – viewed in the light of the Estonian experience

2. What is Oil Shale ? Oil shale is a sedimentary rock containing organic matter rich in hydrogen, known as kerogen Estonian oil shale: C10 H15.2 O0.93 S0.08 N0.03 Oil shales of different deposits differ by, for example, genesis, composition, calorific value and oil yield Oil shale also contains mineral matter. In Estonian oil shale carbonates and sandy-clayey minerals

3. Global shale oil resources (million US barrels)

4. Grade of the global oil shale deposits in liters of oil per ton

5. European shale oil resources (million US barrels)

6. Production of oil shale in million metric tons from selected oil shale deposits from 1880 to 2000

7. Estonian oil shale reserves by fields and structure of the layer

8. Oil Shale Mining underground mining opencast mining enrichment of oil shale reforestation of exhausted opencast areas

9. What can we produce from 1 ton of Estonian oil shale? From 1ton of oil shale (2030 kcal/kg) 125 kg of shale oil (9 500 kcal/kg) 35 Nm³ of retort gas (11 200 kcal/m³) 850 kWh of electricity

10. Material flow in the Estonian Oil Shale industry, 2005 Heat 1 500 GWh/y Cement 820 000 t/y Shale oil 400 000 t/y Power 9 300 GWh/y

11. The development of thermal processing of oil shale in Estonia

12. Development of power and heat production from oil shale in Estonia

13. Emissions from Oil Shale Power Plants 1990-2004, 2005,2006

14. Emissions from oil shale fired boilers

15. The Environmental Requirements Influencing on Operation of Oil Shale Fired Power Plants • 01.01.2008.a.– SO2binding on existing boilers >65%, • – fly ash emissions <200 mg/Nm3 • 16.07.2009.a.– to reconstruct ash handling systems, and bring ash landfills in compliance with landfill directive • 01.01.2012.a. – SO2 emissions total <25 000 ton/year • 01.01.2016.a. – Directive on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants requirements will apply • to all PC boilers, closing of PC boilers: 2004 - 4, 2008 - 4,2010 - 4

16. Estonian oil shale provides:

17. Energy balance in Baltic countries, 2005

18. Huge oil shale resources in the world represent an important source for future energy supply • Oil Shale could be a useful part of an overall EU energy policy. Oil shale usage contributes to the security of energy supply in Baltic region • Direct combustion of oil shale for electricity production has shown a good technical progress and economic efficiency as one of the cheapest kinds of power in the Baltic region. Oil shale is also a useful source of oil and chemicals • The long-term experience of oil shale utilization in Estonia has turned into valuable know-how for using oil shale of different deposits over the world • EU should support efforts to further exploitation of the energy potential hidden in oil shale of the EU member states

19. Back-up information

21. Oil Shale oil retorting process Thermal decomposition Combustion Drying To condensation

22. Oil Shale Mineable Seam • The mineable oil shale seam is of Middle Ordovician age and consists of seven sub-seams (denominated A through F1) that are divided by limestone partings of various thicknesses. • Within the active mining areas, the thickness of this oil shale seam, without partings, ranges between 1.7 m and 2.3 m

23. CFB-Combustion System for Oil Shale Net Heat to Steam With oil shale 247 MWth With shale oil 112,5 MWth Main Steam 90 kg/s l 535’C l 12.7 MPa Hot Reheat 77 kg/s l 535’C l 2.4 MPa Steam Drum 13.3 MPa NET EFFICIENCY ~37%

24. EestiPower Plant1615 MW BaltiPower Plant765 MW Oil Shales share in power production in Estonia is over 95% Worlds biggest oil shale power plants are in Estonia

25. EestiPower Plant1615 MW Oil Factory BaltiPower Plant765 MW Oil Shales share in power production in Estonia is over 95% Worlds biggest oil shale power plant is Eesti PP