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Chapter 3

Chapter 3. Culture and Social Structures. Activity . If the world were shrunk to a village of precisely 100 people. Video. Culture . Knowledge, values, customs, and physical objects that are shared by members of a society. Helps guide relationships with others. Society.

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Chapter 3

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  1. Chapter 3 Culture and Social Structures

  2. Activity • If the world were shrunk to a village of precisely 100 people. • Video

  3. Culture • Knowledge, values, customs, and physical objects that are shared by members of a society. • Helps guide relationships with others

  4. Society • A specific territory inhabited by people who share a common culture • Culture and society are tightly interwoven • Video

  5. Instincts • Unlearned patterns of behavior • Shelter, food, survival, behaviors

  6. Heredity Behavior • Culture is not the only thing that influences behavior • Biological factors: • Reflex • Drive

  7. Sociobiology • The study of the biological basis of human behavior • Darwinism and Social Darwinism and modern genetics • “Nature vs. Nurture” • Think of some Nature vs. Nurture examples in your life…

  8. Activity • Youth Culture

  9. Language and Culture • Demonstration – Teacher’s edition pg 77 • Symbols … • How are language and culture related?

  10. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis • AKA – Hypothesis of Linguistic Relativity – theory stating that our idea of reality depends largely upon language • “While the English language only has a few words to describe snow, the Inuit (Eskimo) language has over twenty.” pg 78

  11. Language and Culture • Read page 79 • Activity: Media and Language

  12. Values • Broad ideas about what is good or desirable shared by people in a society • Values are what keep people sane, keep society moving forward for the better. -Video

  13. Norms • Rules defining appropriate and inappropriate behavior • Read the second paragraph pg 81 • Cultural Etiquette: Page 82

  14. Folkways • Norms that lack moral significance • Not punished if norm is broken • What are some folkways you can think of???

  15. Mores (MOR-ays) • Norms that have moral dimensions and that should be followed by members of the society • MORAL • Folkways = personal choice • Mores = social requirement

  16. Taboo • A rule of behavior, the violation of which calls for strong punishment • Read about some taboos on pg 84 • Are there any you can think of???

  17. Law • A norm that is formally defined and enforced by officials • Pg 86

  18. Sanctions • Rewards and punishments used to encourage people to follow norms • Iran, China, NK

  19. Formal and Informal Sanctions • Formal – designated people, such as judges, teachers (PBS minor) • Informal – performed on person by members of the group, society • There are positive and negative informal sanctions

  20. Activity • 1. Values and Culture • 2. Gestures, Norms, and Cultural Change

  21. WWJB • What Would Jesus Buy? • What do you think about this material culture we live in?

  22. Nonmaterial vs. Material • Ideas, knowledge, and beliefs that influence people’s behavior • The concrete tangible objects of a culture

  23. Beliefs • Ideas about the nature of reality • It is not important what is true, but it is important what people think are true. • Is there any validity to this statement?

  24. Story • Read story on page 93 • Ideal culture – cultural guidelines that group members claim to accept - theory • Real culture – actual behavior patterns of members of the group - application

  25. Why does culture change? • Diffusion – borrowing of aspects of culture from other cultures • History, wars, globalization, evolution of society

  26. Social categories • Groupings of persons who share a social characteristic • What are some social categories you belong to???

  27. Subculture • A group that is part of the dominant culture but that differs from it in some important respects • Religion***, ethnicity, etc…

  28. Counterculture • Not just hippies • These subcultures change on purpose to “stick it to the man,” or be different for many different reasons (government, religion, society, etc…) • Video

  29. Ethnocentrism • Judging others in terms of one’s own cultural standards - Video • “My culture (people) are the best and everything and everybody else is wrong and not as good.” • Is this good or bad for society? What are some examples throughout history and now?

  30. Cultural particulars • General cultural traits that exist in all cultures • Pg 102 graphic • Can you name any? • Sports, courtship, language, housing, religion

  31. Cultural particulars • The ways in which a culture expresses universal traits • Men vs. women roles

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