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NOAA’s Joint Polar Satellite System and the NPP Satellite: Delivering the Next Generation of Environmental Earth Observa

NOAA’s Joint Polar Satellite System and the NPP Satellite: Delivering the Next Generation of Environmental Earth Observations Mitch Goldberg, JPSS Program Scientist (JPSS NOAA ) James Gleason, JPSS Project Scientist (JPSS NASA) Robert Murphy, Carl Hoffman (JPSS DPA)

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NOAA’s Joint Polar Satellite System and the NPP Satellite: Delivering the Next Generation of Environmental Earth Observa

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  1. NOAA’s Joint Polar Satellite System and the NPP Satellite: Delivering the Next Generation of Environmental Earth Observations Mitch Goldberg, JPSS Program Scientist (JPSS NOAA) James Gleason, JPSS Project Scientist (JPSS NASA) Robert Murphy, Carl Hoffman (JPSS DPA) John Furgerson, JPSS User Liaison (JPSS NOAA)

  2. PRESIDENTIAL DECISION 2 FEB 2010 • NPOESS Program Terminated 30 Sep 2010 • NOAA assigned 1330 orbit – Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) • DoD assigned 0530 orbit – Defense Weather Satellite System (DWSS) • EUMETSAT MetOp will provide 0930 orbit • Common Ground System (GCS) using systems developed for NPOESS • Command, Communications & Control (C3S ) • Data production system (IDPS) • Globally Distributed Receptor Network (DRN) • Process both JPSS and DWSS data • Advanced sensors developed for NPOESS will be continued • VIIRS (MODIS heritage) • CrIS (AIRS/IASI heritage) • OMPS (OMI/TOMS heritage) • ATMS (AMSU heritage) • CERES/ERBS

  3. JPSS Program Overview • Benefits • Maintains continuity of weather/climate observations and critical environmental data from the polar orbit • NOAA – JPSS provides improved continuity for POES • HIRS > CrIS (T & WV Atmos. Profiles) • AMSU/MHS > ATMS • AVHRR > VIIRS (Imagery, Cloud Mask, SST) • SBUV2 > OMPS (Total Ozone) • NASA – JPSS provides continuity for EOS • AIRS > CrIS • AMSU > ATMS • MODIS > VIIRS • OMI > OMPS • AMSR-E > AMSR2 (JAXA-GCOM-W) JPSS-1 Satellite (NPP-clone)

  4. Continuity of Polar Operational Satellites

  5. JPSS PROGRAM PLANS • NASA will procure and integrate JPSS for NOAA • POES / GOES model • Algorithm development and Cal/Val led by NOAA • NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) will be completed as planned • Five Sensors (VIIRS, CrIS, ATMS, OMPS, CERES) • NPP will use C3S and IDPS developed for NPOESS • NOAA/NASA will develop JPSS series for 1330 Orbit • JPSS-1 will be NPP Clone • SARSAT and A/DCS will likely fly on separate satellite • JPSS-1 will use Distributed Receptor Network • JPSS-2 and beyond will be competed • DoD plans for DWSS being developed • DoD will launch remaining inventory of DMSP in the interim

  6. CLASS SDS Data Delivery Data Delivery Data Delivery Data Delivery DataManagement DataManagement DataManagement DataManagement JPSS System Architecture Weather / Climate Products Supporting Space TDRSS GPS TDRSS Space Segment JPSS1330 DWSS1730 LaunchSupportSegment NPOESSPreparatoryProject Offline Support • Algorithm Support • Integrated Support Facility • Calibration/Validation EELV Weather Centrals NAVO FNMOC AFWA NESDIS AlternateMMC Svalbard Primary T&C VAFB FNMOC Interface Data Processing Segment AFWA NESDIS NAVO DQM White SandsComplex LRD HRD MissionManagementCenter (MMC) Processing Processing Processing Processing Processing Field Terminal Segment 15 Globally Distributed Receptor sitesInterconnected by Commercial Fiber Ingest Ingest Ingest Ingest Mission Data Command, Control & Communication Segment

  7. Direct Readout Stations using Xband

  8. NPP Spacecraft(JPSS-1 Concept ) VIIRS CrIS ATMS OMPS CERES

  9. NPP/JPSS-1 SENSORS Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Raytheon Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) ITT Corporation Cloud and Earth Radiant Energy System (CERES) (FM5 for NPP) Northrop Grumman Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) Northrop Grumman Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) Ball Aerospace

  10. JPSS L1RD Defined Environmental Data Records (EDRS) MIS (17 - TBR) VIIRS (22) CLOUD LIQUID WATER PRECIPITATION TYPE/RATE PRECIPITABLE WATER SEA SURFACE WINDS (1) CLOUD ICE WATER PATH SEA SURFACE WIND STRESS TOTAL WATER CONTENT SOIL MOISTURE IMAGERY SEA ICE CHARACTERIZATION SNOW COVER/DEPTH SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE LAND SURFACE TEMP SURFACE TYPE ALBEDO (SURFACE) CLOUD BASE HEIGHT CLOUD COVER/LAYERS CLOUD EFFECTIVE PART SIZE CLOUD OPTICAL THICKNESS CLOUD TOP HEIGHT CLOUD TOP PRESSURE CLOUD TOP TEMPERATURE ICE SURFACE TEMPERATURE NET HEAT FLUX OCEAN COLOR/CHLOROPHYLL SUSPENDED MATTER VEGETATION INDEX AEROSOL OPTICAL THICKNESS AEROSOL PARTICLE SIZE ACTIVE FIRES IMAGERY SEA ICE CHARACTERIZATION SNOW COVER SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE LAND SURFACE TEMP SURFACE TYPE ATM VERT MOIST PROFILE ATM VERT TEMP PROFILE PRESSURE (SURFACE/PROFILE) CrIS/ATMS (3) ATM VERT MOIST PROFILE ATM VERT TEMP PROFILE PRESSURE (SURFACE/PROFILE) GCOM AMSR-2 (11) OMPS (2) CLOUD LIQUID WATER PRECIPITATION TYPE/RATE PRECIPITABLE WATER SEA SURFACE WINDS SPEED SOIL MOISTURE SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT IMAGERY SEA ICE CHARACTERIZATION SNOW COVER/DEPTH SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE SURFACE TYPE SEM-N (5) O3 TOTAL COLUMN O3 NADIR PROFILE CERES (4) VIIRS (22) AURORAL BOUNDARY AURORAL ENERGY DEPOSITION ENERGETIC IONS MED ENERGY CHARGED PARTICLES SUPRA-THERMAL THRU AE PARTICLES DOWN LW RADIATION (SFC) DOWN SW RADIATION (SFC) NET SOLAR RADIATION (TOA) OUTGOING LW RADIATION (TOA) TSIS (1) SARR & SARP SOLAR IRRADIANCE A-DCS EDRs with Key Performance Parameters KEY Notes: (1) Delivered as two MIS products – Speed (Key EDR) and Direction JPSS-1 GCOM DWSS JPSS Program (Host TBD) PSE v1 2/28/11

  11. CrIS Overview • The Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) is a key sensor • Fourier Transform Spectrometer providing high resolution IR spectra: • Fields of Regard each 3 x 3 FOVs • Photovoltaic Detectors in all 3 bands • 4-Stage Passive Detector Cooler • 14 km nadir spatial resolution • 2200 km swath width • On-board internal calibration target • Science pioneer: AIRS on EOS Aqua, IASI on METOP-A • Supplier: ITT Industries • Key subcontractors: • ABB Bomem, Interferometer, ICT • DRS, detectors • AER, EDR algorithm

  12. NEdN During NPP Spacecraft Self Compatibility Test The reaction wheels were being exercised during this period

  13. Advanced Technology Microwave SounderNorthrop Grumman Electronic Systems Description • Purpose: In conjunction with CrIS, global observations of temperature and moisture profiles at high temporal resolution (~ daily). • Predecessor Instruments: AMSU A1 / A2, MHS • Approach: Scanning passive microwave radiometer • 22 channels (23GHz - 183GHz) • Swath width: 2300 km • Co-registration: with CrIS

  14. Microwave and Infrared Earth Spectra The NPOESS Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) and Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) as a Companion to the New Generation AIRS/AMSU and IASI/AMSU Sounder Suites Gail A. Bingham, Utah State Univ./SDL, Logan, UT; and N. S. Pougatchev, M. P. Esplin, W. J. Blackwell, and C. D. Barnet http://ams.confex.com/ams/90annual/techprogram/paper_163196.htm

  15. Sounding Strategy in Cloudy Scenes Co-locate infrared and microwave instruments . • Sounding is performed on 50 km a field of regard (FOR) • FOR is currently defined by the size of the microwave sounder footprint • IASI/AMSU has 4 IR FOV’s per FOR • AIRS/AMSU & CrIS/ATMS have 9 IR FOV’s per FOR • ATMS is spatially over-sampled can emulate an AMSU FOV Le Marshallet al., 2006 AIRS, IASI, and CrIS all acquire 324,000 FOR’s per day!

  16. Improved Soundings AIRS provides significant improvements in temperature and moisture soundings over older generation instruments. Vertical resolution has improved from 3 – 6 km to 1 – 2 km. NOAA/NESDIS

  17. CriS and ATMS provide continuity of essential atmospheric sounding information for weather forecasting Hyperspectral Infrared Sounders (CrIS) and Advanced Microwave Sounders (ATMS) are the top two contributors for reducing forecast errors Forecast error reduction contribution (%)

  18. Afternoon orbit has large impact on forecasting major weather events • 6 Feb: Models without PM data under-forecasted snow totals: • Operational forecast shows paralyzing event • Data Denial • Did not forecast paralyzing event in DC— at least 10” too low at Day 5 • Low confidence in extreme snowfall at this point • Future errors of this scale could result in: • Aircraft and airline passengers stranded • Ground commerce halted with no mitigation plans • Population unprepared for paralyzing snow-depth Forecast Period: 5 Feb (am) – 6 Feb (am) 15-22” Actual 15-18” Forecast Observed 27 Km Operational NWP Wash DC 5-day Forecast: - With Data: Historical, paralyzing event - Data Denial: Significant; but not paralyzing Data Denial NWP 7-10” Forecast

  19. Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer SuiteRaytheon SAS El Segundo, Ca Description • Purpose: Global observations of land, ocean, & atmosphere parameters at high temporal resolution (~ daily) • Predecessor Instruments: AVHRR, OLS, MODIS, SeaWiFS • Approach: Multi-spectral scanning radiometer (22 bands between 0.4 µm and 12 µm) 12-bit quantization • Swath width: 3000 km • Spatial Resolution • 16 bands at 750m • 5 bands at 325m • DNB VIIRS on NPP

  20. VIIRS Data Products • Imagery & Cloud • Imagery • Cloud Mask [IP] • Cloud Optical Thickness • Cloud Effective Particle Size Parameter • Cloud Top Parameters • Cloud Base Height • Cloud Cover/Layers • Aerosol • Aerosol Optical Thickness • Aerosol Particle Size Parameter • Suspended Matter Land • Active Fire • Land Surface Albedo • Land Surface Temperature Ice Surface Temperature • Sea Ice Characterization • Snow Cover/Depth • Vegetation Index • Surface Type Ocean • Sea Surface Temperature • Ocean Color/Chlorophyll

  21. VIIRS Edge of Scan Spatial Resolution is significantly improved over AVHRR AVHRR VIIRS

  22. VIIRS Prelaunch Performance(NPP F1 Bands and SNR/NEDT) Courtesy of H. Oudrari

  23. In addition to clouds and SST, VIIRS provides continuity of essential environmental monitoring from AVHRR and MODIS Biosphere monitoring: Vegetation and Ocean Color Fire monitoring and mapping Aerosols for air quality and aviation safety Oil slick monitoring and mapping Volcanic Ash

  24. DNB for night time clouds using lunar illumination

  25. NOAA’s Vegetation Health System Central USAHealthy vegetationImpact: Good crops KazakhstanVegetation stressImpact: Bad crops Western USA Vegetation stressImpact: Fire ArgentinaVegetation StressImpact: Drought Southern AfricaHealthy VegetationImpact: Malaria 30 Years of AVHRR Healthy Vegetation Impact: Malaria Felix Kogan, NESDIS

  26. Coral Bleaching 50km Nighttime Sea Surface Temperature (SST) SST Anomaly Coral – specific HotSpot Degree Heating Week Bleaching Alert Areas http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov

  27. Ozone Mapping Profiler Suite Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp. Description • Purpose: Monitors the total column and vertical profile of ozone • Predecessor Instruments: TOMS, SBUV, GOME, OSIRIS, SCIAMACHY • Approach: Nadir and limb push broom CCD spectrometers • Swath width: 2600 km

  28. OMPS provides continuity of essential ozone products and applications Monitoring ozone hole and recovering of ozone due to the Montreal Protocol for eliminating Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Used in NWS UV Index forecast to allow public to avoid overexposure to UV radiation

  29. CERES Instrument Overview CERES scanning radiometer measuring three spectral bands at TOA • Total (0.3 to >50 m) • Shortwave (0.3 to 5.0m) • Longwave (5 to 50m) Operations, Data Processing, Products, and Science are a continuation of experience developed on • TRMM (1), EOS Terra (2), EOS Aqua (2), in I&T on NPP 21 in. 18 in. 22 in. Critical Resource Margins Primary CERES Climate Data Records Reflected Solar Energy Emitted Thermal Energy

  30. Earth Radiation Budget CERES Shortwave TSIS CERES Longwave From IPCC AR4 FAQ

  31. JPSS Continues Data Time Series Year Measurement System Conventional OperationsEOS Technology JumpResearch Quality Operations

  32. MSU Tropospheric Temperature Trends Zou et al., JGR-Atm, 111 (D19): D19114 OCT 14 2006 ATMS is better calibrated and satellite does not drift

  33. Overview of AMSR2 instrument on GCOM Deployable main reflector system with 2.0m diameter. Frequency channel set is identical to that of AMSR-E except 7.3GHz channel for RFI mitigation. 2-point external calibration with the improved HTS (hot-load). Deployed Stowed

  34. Overview of AMSR2EDRs Cloud liquid water Water vapor Snow water equivalent Soil moisture Precipitation Sea surface temperature Sea surface Wind vector Sea ice concentration

  35. Conclusions JPSS Mission will provide: Input Observations for Weather Forecast Models CrIS, ATMS, VIIRS, OMPS & GCOM Short term Environmental Observations (Events) VIIRS, OMPS, CrIS, ATMS & GCOM Long term Environmental Observations (Climate Change Detection) CERES, TSIS, VIIRS, OMPS, CrIS, ATMS & GCOM User Engagement is critical for ultimate mission success

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