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Animal Control Pets can be hazardous to your health

C.M.G . Buttery MB BS. Animal Control Pets can be hazardous to your health. Why should Public Health Agencies be interested in Animal Control?. Wild Animals Spread diseases directly, or via ticks, mosquitoes & other biting insects Bats spread rabies

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Animal Control Pets can be hazardous to your health

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  1. C.M.G. Buttery MB BS Animal ControlPets can be hazardous to your health Updated May 2012

  2. Why should Public Health Agencies be interested in Animal Control? • Wild Animals Spread diseases • directly, or via ticks, mosquitoes & other biting insects • Bats spread rabies • Rats can spread rabies, although rarely • Rats can spread salmonella, and typhus via fleas • Raccoons can spread rabies • Deer can host Lyme Disease • Corbies can host West Nile Virus • Snakes and Pigeons can host Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

  3. Domestic Animals • Can spread diseases directly or by intermediate hosts • Dogs can kill by biting, or cause permanent injury • Dogs can pass parasites • Dogs can transmit rabies • Dogs can also transmit: • Leptospirosis • Measles (canine distemper) • Histoplasmosis • Brucellosis • Salmonellosis • Tuberculosis • Whipworm • Diphtheria

  4. Other domestic animals as Disease Vectors • Besides dogs • Cows, Horses, Cats have all transmitted Rabies • Cats can transmit toxoplasmosis • Cows used to spread Tuberculosis through milk until herds were immunized and tested • Reptiles (turtles, lizards, snakes) can transmit salmonella

  5. Animal Control Activities • Most health departments have responsibilities for • Rat Control • Mosquito Control • Animal Bite Prevention

  6. Rat Control • In most urban settings housing authorities and city information officers refer rat control issues to health departments who: • Investigate to locate source • Recommend control measures • May bait public areas for rat control or • Recommend Pest control companies

  7. Mosquito Control • In urban areas health departments are usually responsible to control mosquitoes and prevent transmission of: • Malaria • Yellow Fever • Dengue • SL & EE Encephalitis • West Nile Virus

  8. Mosquito Control (cont.) • Responsibilities include : • Mosquito Collection • How many, what type, where located • Mosquito breeding • to determine susceptibility to pesticides. • to determine blood meal contents • Larviciding(spraying oil on water) • Adulticiding (spraying air to kill adults mosquitoes)

  9. Wild Animals • As the urban areas penetrate the countryside and provide breeding and feeding areas attractive to wild animals, local health departments with advice of state game wardens determine • Hazard to people & pets from • deer, raccoon, skunk, bear, puma and • Prevent wildlife being kept as pets, with or without permits.

  10. Dogs • In most communities are controlled by a mix of police, SPCA and local health departments to prevent : • Bites • Disease transmission to people, particularly children • Abandonment • Cruelty • Diseases transmitted to other animal • Poor Housing of domestic animals

  11. Bite Prevention • In most communities, occurs after the fact • Consider recent deaths from animal bites in Virginia • In some communities advisory boards (see last slide) take pro-active positions to prevent bites • Use of leash laws • Rarely enforced • Requirement for Rabies immunization • Use courts or administrative panels • (Often more effective- see last slide)

  12. Bite Control (cont.) • Training of animal control officers by • National Animal Control AssociationTraining Academy • With cross training as: • a police officer, to take evidence • in Public Relations • in animal care

  13. Training (cont) • Enforcement of leash laws • Obtain evidence of cruelty • Animal capture by • Nets • Poles • Darts (usually requires police supervision to protect onlookers) • Adoption • Euthanasia

  14. Cats and Dogs • In some cities cats and dogs are controlled by high fences • Requirement for licensing Cats and Dogs • There is no evidence that requiring a cat to wear a license/collar is dangerous to the cat. • Display of licenses • Rabies Vaccination for cats • Population control (cats and dogs) • SPCA Neutering Programs

  15. Administrative Panels • Advisory Board of citizens, veterinarians, humane agencies, postal delivery and meter readers : • assist in developing standards agreed to throughout the community • Administrative hearing board to manage vicious animals: • Often are more effective than courts and better tecieved by the community • Remove animal from community • Recommend Euthanization • Educate the public

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