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THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT

THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT. Important Vocabulary. Segregation— enforced separation of racial/ethnic groups De jure (by law) segregation – legal segregation through written laws De facto (by custom) segregation – unwritten segregation through customs,

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THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT

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  1. THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT

  2. Important Vocabulary • Segregation— enforced separation of racial/ethnic groups • De jure (by law) segregation – legal segregation through written laws • De facto (by custom) segregation– unwritten segregation through customs, housing patterns, employment, and traditions

  3. Important Vocabulary • Civil disobedience— a strategy for causing social change by means of non-violent resistance • Boycott— an organized agreement not to buy or use a certain product in order to exert pressure for change

  4. Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

  5. Emmett Till (August 1955) Start at 11:00 if lacking time

  6. Montgomery Bus Boycott --Before Rosa Parks • 16-year-old Edwina Johnson & her brother Marshall • Arrested for sitting on a bus next to a white man and boy & refusing to move • Spent 2 days in jail • Mary Louise Smith, 18 • Arrested when she refused to move to the back of the bus • After being asked 3 times by the bus driver she said, “I am not going to move out of my seat. I am not going to move anywhere. I got the privilege to sit here like anybody else does.” • Pleaded guilty; fined $5 • Claudette Colvin, teenager • A student at Booker T. Washington High • Sent to jail for refusing to give up her seat, March 2, 1955 • Charged for violating segregation laws, assault, battery, resisting arrest TWO MONTHS LATER ON DECEMBER 1, 1955…

  7. Rosa Parks Won’t Give Up Seat—Dec. 1, 1955 “People always say that I didn't give up my seat because I was tired,” Rosa Parks wrote in her autobiography, “but that isn't true. I was not tired physically, or no more tired than I usually was at the end of a working day. I was not old, although some people have an image of me as being old then. I was forty-two. No, the only tired I was, was tired of giving in.” Rosa Parks Booked for Arrest

  8. Montgomery Bus Boycott • Refused to ride buses until segregation law changed • People walked long distances • Carpools were set up • Boycott lasted 381 days!

  9. Martin Luther King Emerges as Leader • 26 years old • New minister at Dexter Avenue Baptist church

  10. MLK Encouraged Non-Violent Resistance Inspired by Gandhi Non-Violent Resistance Involved: a) Using moral arguments to change the minds of the oppressors b) Non-cooperation with unjust laws c) Marches & demonstrations to cause a creative tension to force action

  11. Success! • Bus company lost a great deal of money • Federal court rules law unconstitutional • Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) created to continue the fight 26:00-35:00 Boycott [44:30-48:00] 48:00--55:00 Boycott

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