Muscle Anatomy

1. Muscle Anatomy 2014

2. Skeletal Muscle Smooth Muscle Cardiac Muscle

3. What Do You Know??? Qwickqwiz • Which are striated? • Which moves bones? • Which moves oxygen, nutrients and CO2? • Which moves food bolus? • Which is/are involuntary? • Which require(s) thought for the movement to happen? • Which is composed of nervous tissue, connective tissue and blood vessels?

4. Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle • Each muscle consists of… • Connective tissue • Skeletal muscle tissue (fibers) • Nerves • Blood vessels

6. 1. _________ ___Connective Tissues • Tendons – Attach muscle to bone • Fascia – skeletal muscles are separated from adjacent muscles and held in positions by these layers of dense connective tissues • Fascia surround each muscle and may project beyond the end of its muscle fibers to form tendons • Aponeuroses – attach muscles to other muscles

7. 1. _______ ___ Connective Tissuescont. • Epimysium – separates entire muscle from other tissues, surrounds skeletal muscle • Perimysium – separates muscle tissue into smaller sections called fascicles • Endomysium – surrounds the individual muscle fibers

8. 1. Connective Tissues

10. 2. _________ __ Connective Tissues • Supports and protect muscle cells • Form tendons • Provide force for contractions • Create areas for blood vessels and nerves to pass through

12. 2. Muscle Fibers

13. Muscle Fibers • A skeletal muscle fiber is a single muscle cell • Sarcolemma – unique cell membrane of a muscle fiber • Sarcoplasm – cytoplasm of a muscle fiber

14. Muscle Fibers

15. Muscle Fibers • The sarcolemma forms tubes that travel into the sarcoplasm at right angles • Transverse Tubules (T Tubules) • Sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium ions during muscle contraction and absorb them during relaxation

16. Muscle Fibers

17. Myofibrils • Myofibrils are made of 2 types of protein molecules called myofilaments • Thick myofilaments: Myosin • Thin myofilaments: Actin • Thick and thin myofilaments are organized into repeating units called sarcomeres

19. Sarcomeres

20. Sarcomeres – A closer look

23. Naming muscle groups • Most skeletal muscles have names that describe some feature of the muscle • Size: • Vastus (huge); Maximus (large); Longus (long); Minimus (small); Brevis (short) • Shape: • Deltoid (triangular); Latissimus (wide); Teres (round); Trapezius (trapezoid like)

24. Naming muscle groups • Direction of fibers: • Recuts (straight); Transverse (across); Oblique (diagonally); Orbicularis (round) • Location: • Pectoralis (chest); Gluteus (butt); Brachii (arm); Supra (above); Infra (below); Sub (under or beneath); Lateralis (lateral)

25. Naming muscle groups • Origin and Insertion: • Sternocleidomastoideus (origin on the sternum, clavivle, insertion on the mastoid process); Brachioradialis (origin on the brachium or arm, insertion on the radius)

26. All of the Skeletal Muscles! • abductor digitiminimi (in the hand), abductor digitiminimi (in the foot), abductor hallucis, abductor ossis metatarsi quinti, abductor pollicisbrevis, abductor pollicislongus, adductor brevis, adductor hallucis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, adductor pollicis, anconeus, anterior scalene, articularis genus, biceps brachii, biceps femoris, brachialis, brachioradialis, buccinator, coracobrachialis, corrugator supercilii, deltoid, depressor angulioris, depressor labiiinferioris, digastric, dorsal interossei (in the hand), dorsal interossei (in the foot), extensor carpi radialisbrevis, extensor carpi radialislongus, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitiminimi, extensor digitorum, extensor digitorumbrevis, extensor digitorumlongus, extensor hallucisbrevis, extensor hallucislongus, extensor indicis, extensor pollicisbrevis, extensor pollicislongus, • flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitiminimibrevis (in the hand), flexor digitiminimibrevis (in the foot), flexor digitorumbrevis, flexor digitorumlongus, flexor digitorumprofundus, flexor digitorumsuperficialis, flexor hallucisbrevis, flexor hallucislongus, flexor pollicisbrevis, flexor pollicislongus, frontalis, gastrocnemius, geniohyoid, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, gracilis, iliocostaliscervicis, iliocostalislumborum, iliocostalisthoracis, illiacus, inferior gemellus, inferior oblique, inferior rectus, infraspinatus, interspinalis, intertransversi, lateral pterygoid, lateral rectus, latissimusdorsi, levatorangulioris, levatorlabiisuperioris, levatorlabiisuperiorisalaequenasi, levatorpalpebraesuperioris, levator scapulae, long rotators, longissimuscapitis, longissimuscervicis, longissimusthoracis, longuscapitis, longuscolli, lumbricals (in the hand), lumbricals (in the foot), • masseter, medial pterygoid, medial rectus, middle scalene, multifidus, mylohyoid, obliquuscapitis inferior, obliquuscapitis superior, obturatorexternus, obturatorinternus, occipitalis, omohyoid, opponensdigitiminimi, opponenspollicis, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, palmar interossei, palmarisbrevis, palmarislongus, pectineus, pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, peroneus brevis, peroneus longus, peroneus tertius, piriformis, plantar interossei, plantaris, platysma, popliteus, posterior scalene, pronator quadratus, pronator teres, psoas major, quadratusfemoris, quadratusplantae, rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitislateralis, rectus capitis posterior major, rectus capitis posterior minor, rectus femoris, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, risorius, • sartorius, scalenusminimus, semimembranosus, semispinaliscapitis, semispinaliscervicis, semispinalisthoracis, semitendinosus, serratus anterior, short rotators, soleus, spinaliscapitis, spinaliscervicis, spinalisthoracis, splenius capitis, splenius cervicis, sternocleidomastoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, stylohyoid, subclavius, subscapularis, superior gemellus, superior oblique, superior rectus, supinator, supraspinatus, temporalis, tensor fascia lata, teres major, teres minor, thoracis, thyrohyoid, tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, trapezius, triceps brachii, vastusintermedius, vastuslateralis, vastusmedialis, zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor.

27. 20 Muscles to know! Head Zygomaticus Frontalis Obicularisoculi Masseter Neck Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius Chest Pectoralis major Latissimusdorsi External Oblique Abs Rectus abdominis Arms Deltoid Brachialis Biceps brachii Brachioradialis Legs Sartorius Rectus femoris Gastrocnemius Tibialis anterior Tensor fascialatae Vestusmedialis