Chapter 3

1. Chapter 3 The thirteen english colonies, 1630-1750

2. Sec.2 The New England Colonies Chapter 4, Section 1

3. The Puritans Decide to Leave England Chapter 4, Section 1 Who were the Puritans? • A religious group who had hoped to reform the Church of England Why did they leave England? • The king disapproved of Puritans and their ideas, canceled Puritan business charters, and had some Puritans jailed. • They believed that England had fallen on “evil and declining times.” • They wanted to build a new society based on biblical laws and teachings.

4. Who Left? For Where? Why? Results Thomas Hooker Founded Connecticut He thought the governor and other officials such as the General Court had too much power. He established a colony with strict limits on government. Settlers wrote the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. Problems in Massachusetts Caused People to Leave Chapter 4, Section 1 General Court—Massachusettsassembly elected by male church members Fundamental Orders of Connecticut—aplan of government that gave all male property owners the right to vote, not just church members, and limited the governor’s power

5. Who Left? For Where? Why? Results Roger Williams Settled in Rhode Island He believed that the Puritan church had too much power. He set up a colony where church and state were completely separate. He fostered religious tolerance. Anne Hutchinson Fled to Rhode Island She questioned the Puritan church’s teachings; she was tried and ordered out of the colony. She later became a symbol of the struggle for religious freedom. religious tolerance—willingness to let others practice their own beliefs. Problems in Massachusetts Caused People to Leave Chapter 4, Section 1

6. Puritans and Native Americans Fought Over Land Chapter 4, Section 1 • As more colonists settled in New England, they began to take over more Native American lands. • By 1670 nearly 45,000 settlers were living in New England. • In 1675, Chief Metacom and the Wampanog Indians destroyed 12 towns and killed more than 600 settlers.

7. Towns and Villages Were Important in New England Life Chapter 4, Section 1 • In the center of each village was the common, an open field where the settlers’ cattle grazed. • The Puritans worshiped in the village meeting house. They took their Sabbath, or holy day of rest, seriously. • Settlers gathered at the meeting house for town meetings, where they discussed and voted on issues. • Some towns became important centers of trade and shipbuilding.

8. Sec.3 The Middle Colonies Chapter 4, Section 2

9. New Netherland Became New York Chapter 4, Section 2 1626 and on • The Dutch set up the colony of New Netherland. Settlers traded in furs. New Amsterdam became a thriving port. • To encourage farming, Dutch officials granted huge estates to a few rich families. Owners of the estates were called patroons. • People from different religious groups flocked to New Netherland because of its religious tolerance. The colony grew. • Rivalry for trade and colonies increased between England and the Netherlands. The governor of New Netherland, Peter Stuyvesant, swore to defend his colony. • Stuyvesant was unpopular because of his harsh rule and heavy taxes. When English warships entered the harbor, the colonists refused to help the governor. The English took over without a shot. 1664 • The king of England gave New Netherland to the Duke of York. New Netherland became New York.

10. New Jersey Separated From New York Chapter 4, Section 2 • The Duke of York thought that New York was too big to govern easily. • He gave up some land to friends. They set up a new colony, New Jersey, which was a proprietary colony. In a proprietary colony, the king gave land to one or more people. These proprietors could divide the land and make laws for it. • Settlers came from many countries. • In 1702, New Jersey became a royal colony, which is a colony under the direct control of the English crown.

11. William Penn Founded Pennsylvania Chapter 4, Section 2 • In England, William Penn joined the Quakers, a religious group that believed that all people were equal in God’s sight. Quakers were against war. • Quakers were arrested, fined, or even hanged for their ideas. • Penn believed the Quakers must leave England. He turned to the king for help. • The king issued a royal charter naming Penn proprietor of a new colony, later called Pennsylvania. • Penn called for fair treatment of Native Americans. • Penn welcomed settlers of different faiths and people from many countries, including Germany. Other colonists called the Germans Pennsylvania Dutch, from the word “Deutsch,” which means German.

12. Features of Life in the Middle Colonies Chapter 4, Section 2 • Cash crops—cropsthat are sold for money at market • Large farms • Skilled artisans • Homes far apart • Settlers from many different countries • Many styles of building • Coastal area plus the backcountry

13. Sec.4 The Southern Colonies Chapter 4, Section 3

14. Maryland Was Important to Roman Catholics Chapter 4, Section 3 • 1632—Sir George Calvert became a Roman Catholic. He asked King Charles I for a colony in the Americas for Catholics. Calvert died. His son, Lord Baltimore, took over. • 1634—Settlers arrived in Maryland. Lord Baltimore appointed a governor and council of advisers, but he let colonists elect an assembly. • 1649—Lord Baltimore asked the assembly to pass an Act of Toleration, a law that provided religious freedom for all Christians.

15. Bacon’s Rebellion Chapter 4, Section 3 • Settlers arrived in Virginia, expecting profits from planting tobacco. • Wealthy planters already had the best lands near the coast. Newcomers were pushed farther inland, onto Indian lands. • Settlers and Indians clashed. • Settlers asked the governor for help. He wouldn’t act. • In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon organized angry frontier planters. They raided Native American villages, then burned Jamestown. • The revolt soon ended when Bacon died suddenly.

16. The Carolinas and Georgia Are Founded Chapter 4, Section 3 Carolinas North: • poor tobacco farmers from Virginia • small farms South: • eight English nobles • Charles Town • settlers from the Caribbean • rice and indigo, a plant used to make blue dye • enslaved Africans Georgia • James Oglethorpe • debtors, or people who owed money and could not pay

17. Tidewater Plantations Backcountry Land coastal plain, many rivers rolling hills, thick forests Farms large plantations small farms Crops tobacco, rice, indigo tobacco, garden crops Enslaved Africans tended Tidewater plantations Few enslaved Africans worked backcountry farms. Slavery Two Ways of Life in the Southern Colonies Chapter 4, Section 3

18. First enslaved Africans arrived in Virginia. 1619 Some Africans remained enslaved, some were servants, a few were free. 1600s Carolina plantations needed large numbers of workers. The planters came to rely on slave labor. Early 1700s Slave ships carried millions of enslaved Africans west across the Atlantic. Colonists enacted slave codes. Many colonists displayed racism, though a few spoke out against slavery. 1700s Why the Slave Trade Grew in the 1700s Chapter 4, Section 3 slave codes—lawsthat set out rules for slaves’ behavior; treated enslaved Africans as property racism—the belief that one race is superior to another