Properties, Names, and Formulas of Acids and Bases

1. Properties, Names, and Formulas of Acids and Bases Acids: • produce H+ ions in solution • react with metals • react with carbonates • conduct electricity • turn blue litmus red • turn bromthymol blue yellow • neutralize bases • taste sour • are used as preservatives • are called binary if they contain only two elements • aqre called oxyacids if they contain polyatomic ions

2. Bases: • produce OH- ions in solution • conduct electricity • turns phenolphthalein pink • turns red litmus blue • feel slippery • taste bitter • most are ionic compounds containing hydroxide or carbonate ions

3. The pH Scale • is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is • is a numerical scale of all the possible pH values from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic), with 7 between being neutral • is determined by the relative concentration of H+ and OH- ions, with neutral having an equal concentration of each ion • is a log scale, with each unit change representing a 10X change in pH • is important in agriculture, environment, and household products

4. Neutralization Reactions • combine an acid and a based to produce water (from H+ and OH-) and a salt (and sometimes CO2) • are special double displacement reactions • are useful in spills of strong acids in industry or transport • relieve excess stomach acid (HCl) with magnesium hydroxide to produce water and a salt, or with sodium bicarbonate to produce water, a salt, and carbon dioxide