Migration & Empire, 1830-1939

1. Migration & Empire, 1830-1939 Impact of immigrants in Scotland - culture

2. Impact of immigrants in Scotland - culture • In today’s class I am learning to: • Describe ways that Scotland’s culture changed as a result of immigration into Scotland

3. Impact of immigrants in Scotland - culture The influx of large numbers of immigrants from outwith Scotland had a substantial impact on the country, including on the country’s culture.

4. Impact of immigrants in Scotland - culture Immigration had various cultural effects. This includes on issues such as food, fashion, sport and even people’s names. Other examples of influence relate to education, buildings and also religion.

5. Impact of immigrants in Scotland - culture Italian immigration had a transformative change on food eaten in the country. The first Italian immigrants often sold chips or ice cream from a street cart (they were known as the ‘hokey pokey men’). Later this led to shops and cafes being opened.

6. Impact of immigrants in Scotland - culture Many Scots welcomed these new food options. This was either because they wanted a more interesting diet, or they welcomed an alternative to going to the pub. Other Scots however disliked the Italians for opening on Sundays.

7. Impact of immigrants in Scotland - culture Jewish and Italian immigration into Scotland also had an impact on fashion. Many Italians worked as barbers and hairdressers, whilst some Jews worked in the tailoring industry, providing suits at affordable prices.

8. Impact of immigrants in Scotland - culture Sport was certainly influenced by Irish immigration. Irish immigrants in Glasgow, Dundee and Edinburgh set up football teams (Celtic, Dundee United and Hibernian) that became a major part of the game.

9. Impact of immigrants in Scotland - culture These football clubs were set up for various reasons. The money they raised was used to fund charitable activities such as soup kitchens. They also provided a social activity in which Irish immigrants could participate.

10. Impact of immigrants in Scotland - culture Even names changed due to immigration. Irish and Italian immigrants brought names as Capaldi and O’Connell to the country. However some Lithuanian immigrants changed their surnames to better integrate with Scots.

11. Impact of immigrants in Scotland - culture Education in Scotland (and Britain) changed due to immigration too. Many Irish Catholic immigrants found their children were not being properly educated. Some Catholic teachers were also prevented from working.

12. Impact of immigrants in Scotland - culture As a result of this, the Catholic Church began to open their own schools, spreading across the country. The 1918 Education Act meant the British government took over the running and funding of these schools.

13. Impact of immigrants in Scotland - culture This sometimes led to the construction of new buildings to house these schools. In addition various immigrants also built their own places of worship, including Catholic Churches and Jewish synagogues.

14. Impact of immigrants in Scotland - culture The presence of Irish immigration into Scotland also led to the establishment of new social clubs. Orange Lodges were opened by Protestant Irish, whilst some Catholic immigrants opened Hibernian Clubs.