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SKELETAL SYSTEM

SKELETAL SYSTEM. Functions of the Skeletal System. Bones are made of OSSEOUS TISSUE Support and Protection Body movement Blood cell formation (bone marrow) - hemopo ie sis Storage of inorganic materials                     (salt, calcium, potassium….). ORGANIZATION. About 206 bones

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SKELETAL SYSTEM

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  1. SKELETAL SYSTEM

  2. Functions of the Skeletal System Bones are made of OSSEOUS TISSUE Support and Protection Body movement Blood cell formation (bone marrow) - hemopoiesis Storage of inorganic materials                    (salt, calcium, potassium….)

  3. ORGANIZATION About 206 bones 2 Main Divisions – Axial & Appendicular

  4. Axial Skeleton Head, neck, trunk Skull Hyoid Bone Vertebral Column Thoracic Cage (ribs, 12 pairs) Sternum

  5. Hyoid Bone

  6. Appendicular Skeleton • Limbs & Bones that connect to the • Pectoral Girdle (shoulders) • Pelvic Girdle (hips)

  7. BONE STRUCTURE - Long Bone • Epiphysis • Diaphysis • Articular Cartilage • Periosteum

  8. Inside the Long Bone Medullary Cavity – hollow chamber filled with bone marrow Red Marrow (blood) Yellow Marrow (fat) Endosteum – lining of the medullary

  9. Types of Bone Tissue Compact (wall of the diaphysis) Spongy (cancellous, epiphysis) - red marrow

  10. Structure of a Long Bone Figure 6.3a-c

  11. * Assignment – Coloring of a Long Bone

  12. Review the Structure of a Long Bone Matching quiz at http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/holehaap/student/olc2/chap07matching01.html

  13. Microscopic Structure MATRIX - where the bone cells live OSTEOCYTES  - mature bone cells, enclosed in tiny chambers called LACUNAE OSTEOCYTES form rings (LAMELLAE) around a HAVERSIAN CANAL which houses blood vessels Osteocytes are linked by CANALICULI Haversian Canals are linked by VOLKMAN's CANALS

  14. Osteocytes Haversian Canal Volkmann’s Canal

  15. Compact Bone BONE COLORING!

  16. Test Yourself Find the... Haversian Canal Volkman's Canal Lamellae Spongy Bone Compact Bone

  17. BONE DEVELOPMENT & GROWTH • Intramembranous bones – flat, skull •  Endochondral bones – all other ALL BONES START AS HYALINE CARTILAGE, areas gradually turn to bone PRIMARY OSSIFICATION CENTER (shaft) SECONDARY OSSIFICATION CENTER (ends)

  18. Bone Development & Growth EPIPHYSEAL DISK  (growth plate) is a band of cartilage between the epiphysis and diaphysis These areas increase bone length as the cells ossify Cartilage becomes OSTEOBLASTS become OSTEOCYTES

  19. RESORPTION OSTEOCLASTS - dissolve bone tissue to release minerals,  process is called RESORPTION

  20. Bone Growth

  21. Bone Growth * Assignment - Coloring of the Aging Hand

  22. Types of Joints (articulations) • Synarthrotic (not moveable, aka sutures) • Amphiarthrotic (slightly moveable, vertebrae) • Diarthrotic (moveable joint, aka synovial joints)

  23. Synovial fluid - fluid within the joints that helps to lubricate Types of Joints 1.  Ball and Socket 2.  Hinge 3.  Pivot 4.  Saddle

  24. BONES OF THE SKULL 1. Frontal -2. Parietal - 3. Occipital -4. Temporal - 5. Sphenoid - 6. Maxilla - 7. Mandible - 8. Zygomatic -

  25. Sutures - connection points 1. Coronal - between frontal and parietal bones2. Lambdoidal - between occipital and parietal bones3. Squamosal - between temporal and parietal bones4. Sagittal - between parietal bones

  26. Suture - refers to any connection between large bones (in fetal skulls, these are called fontanels) Fissure - any wide gap between bones

  27. Fontanels are “soft spots” on an infant’s skull

  28. TOPOGRAPHY OF THE SKULL Foramen - refers to any opening in the skull, nerves and blood vessels leave this opening to supply the face Foramen Magnum Mental Foramen

  29. Foramen Magnum * Assignment: Skull Labeling

  30. Figure 6.10

  31. Figure 6.10

  32. The Rest of the Bones

  33. Vertebrae Neck = cervical Middle Back = thoracic Lower Back = lumbar

  34. Thoracic Cage

  35. Pectoral Girdle

  36. Bones of the Arm Ulna goes to pinky  (P-U) Radius goes to thumb

  37. Wrist Bones For test Carpels Metacarpals Phalanges *extra credit opportunity

  38. Name the carpals for extra credit on test.

  39. Pelvic Girdle

  40. COXAL BONES - separated

  41. Bones of the Leg

  42. Bones of the Ankle For Test Calcaneous Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Assignment – Skeleton Labeling

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