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Between two totalitarianisms . Poland in the World War II

Between two totalitarianisms . Poland in the World War II. Paweł Ukielski Ph.D. Soviet Minister of Int. Affairs, Molotov, is signing the German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, Moscow, August 23, 1939 . Secret Protocol .

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Between two totalitarianisms . Poland in the World War II

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  1. Betweentwototalitarianisms. Poland intheWorld War II Paweł Ukielski Ph.D.

  2. Soviet Minister of Int. Affairs, Molotov, is signing the German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, Moscow, August 23, 1939.

  3. Secret Protocol Map of divided Poland attached to theHitler – Stalin Pact. Thick black line in the middle marks the German - Soviet border.

  4. German (Sept. 1, 1939) and Sovietinvasion of Poland (Sept. 17, 1939). Black and red arrowsmark the mainaxesof attack

  5. The fourth partition of Poland

  6. Polish 303 Fighter SquadronduringBattle of Britainachieved the highestnumbers of kills of any allied squadron

  7. German occupation of Poland – one of thousands of street executions, Warsaw 1941.

  8. German concetration camp in Auschwitz

  9. Victims of the Soviets, Eastern Poland, 1940.

  10. The Katyń Massacre 5 March 1940. The protocol sentencing to death more the 20.000 Polish officers

  11. Teheran Conference, Nov. 28, 1943-Dec. 1, 1943 (from the left: Stalin, F.D.Roosevelt, W.Churchill)

  12. Warsaw Insurgents, August 1944.

  13. German heavy mortar ”Karl’’ shelling Warsaw, August 1944.

  14. Genocide On 1st August Hitler gave an order to killallinhabitants of Warsaw the „Slaughter of Wola district” – ca. 40.000 victims of mass executionswithin 3 days Numerous mass killingsafterwithdrawal of the order

  15. Democratic State Over 150 titles of insurgent press – issued by allpoliticalmovements Lawsissued by authorities Sovereign state attributes Civilsociety – organizingeveryday life inthe city

  16. 1586 Polish Special Duties Flight , Brinidsi, Italy, August 1944.

  17. “Further, havingfamiliarizedmyselfmorecloselywiththeWarsaw adventure, I amconvincedthatthe Warsaw action represents a recklessadventure...”Joseph Stalin to Winston Churchill, August 16, 1944.

  18. ‘’Poland is our oldest ally in this war…Poland is a country which I, as an Englishmen, am proud to call an ally…I would like to make an appeal to the British Nation…HELP FOR WARSAW!’’Lt John Ward, a British war correspondent, despatchsentfrom Warsaw on September 6, 1944.

  19. Warsaw Rising death toll: 18.000 Home Army soldiers, 180.000 civilians

  20. Death of the city – Warsaw after the Rising…

  21. Two uprisings – a comparison… Paris – August 1944 Warsaw – January 1945

  22. The Yalta Conference

  23. Territorialchange – post-war Poland markedinpink, pre-war Poland markedwith red line

  24. Political persecutions The trial of Sixteen Cavalry Capt. Witold Pilecki

  25. SUMMARY • THREE LEVELS OF WARSAW RISING’S SIGNIFICANCE: • LOCAL – identity of the city of Warsaw • NATIONAL – Warsaw Rising as an independent Poland • GLOBAL – understanding of XX century as a century of totalitarianregimes

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