College Of Computer Science and Information, Information Systems Department

1. is 211 Information Systems Fundamentals College Of Computer Science and Information, Information Systems Department

2. Course Description • Information systems Fundamentals - IS 211 is a core course in the bachelor of information systems department. • This course is about the use of information systems in organizations and the technology that information systems use.

3. Course Objectives This course introduces the students to: • The main concepts of the information systems. • The nature and types of information systems. • The hardware and software computer technologies. • Data resource management. • Telecommunications and networks. • E-Business systems • Developing business systems • Information security, crime, and ethics.

4. Teaching Team • Lecturer : Huyam Al-Amro • Email: hmamro@pnu.edu.sa • Consultation Time: • Office: 1.501.19

5. Course Reference 1- “Introduction to Information Systems” , by James A. O’Brien / Marakas , Fifteenth Edition , McGraw-Hill.

6. Course Link http://www.acadox.com/join/MQYHVY In the website: • Announcement • Lectures • Tutorials (Home works) • Assignments • Grades

7. Course Grading

8. General Notes • No late submissions AT ALL !! • Copying from another student will result in a ZERO mark for all involved students • Exams will cover materials from the textbook, as well as material presented in the class. • Students who are absent on Midterm exam day due to illness are required to bring a signed medical excuse letter. • It is the student’s responsibility to contact the instructor if the midterm exam was missed within one (1) week following the scheduled exam date

9. Chapter 1- section II Foundations of Information Systems in Business

10. Outline • What is a system? • Systems Functions. • Some system characteristics. • IS Components. • IS Resources. • IS Activities.

11. Definition - Example Glass Steel Rubber Plastic Copper aluminum CAR

12. What is a System? • A system could be defined as: “a set of interrelated components, with a clearly defined boundary, working together to achieve a common set of objectives by accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation process.” • Examples: • The biological system of the human body. • The technological system of an oil refinery.

13. Processing Output Input Transforma-tion process converts input into output (Ex: manufacturing process, Breathing process…) Transferring transformed elements to their ultimate destination (Ex: finished product, human services…) Capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be processed (Ex: raw materials, Data, students…) Basic Functions of a System

14. Two Additional Functions of a System The system concept becomes even more useful by including two additional elements as follows: • Feedback: is data about the performance of the system. • Control: involves monitoring and evaluating feedback to determine whether a system is moving toward the achievement of its goal. The control function then makes the necessary adjustments to a system’s input and processing components to ensure that it produces proper output.

15. Cybernetic System • All systems have input, processing, output. • A cybernetic system: a system that uses feedback and control components to achieve a self-regulation, self-monitoring capability. • Ex: home temperature control system

16. Other System Characteristics • System Environment: system does not exist in vacuum, it rather exists and functions in an environment containing other systems. • Subsystem: if a system is a components of a larger systems, it is a subsystem, and the larger system is its environment. • System Interface: a shared boundary that allows the system to be connected to one another. • Open System: a system that interacts with other systems in its environment. • Adaptive System: a system that has the ability to change itself or its environment to survive.

17. A Business as a System

18. Information systems • IS are made up of interrelated components: • People, HW, SW, networks. • They have clearly defined boundaries: • Functions, modules, type of application, department, or end-user. • All the interrelated components work together to achieve a common goal by accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation process: • Using raw materials, hiring new people , disseminating information to other. If we apply our understanding of general system concepts to information systems, it should be easy to see the parallels.

19. Information systems • IS make extensive use of feedback and control to improve their effectiveness: • Error messages, dialog boxes, passwords, and user rights. • Many IS are designed to change in relation to their environments and are adaptive: • Intelligent software agents, expert systems, highly specialized decision support systems.

20. Questions ..

21. Components of an IS - “IS MODEL”

22. Information System Resources Networks InformationSystem Resources Software Data Hardware People

23. IS Resources

24. IS Resources • People Resources: People are the essential ingredients for the successful operation of all information systems. These people resources include end users and IS specialists. • End Users: are people who use an information system or the information it produces. • E.g. Customers, salespersons, accountants, or managers • IS specialists: are people who develop and operate information systems. • E.g. System Analysts - Software Developers - System Operators

25. IS Resources • Hardware Resources This concept includes all physical devices and materials used in information processing. Example of hardware in computer-based information systems: • Computer systems : Consist of CPU containing processors and interconnected peripherals E.g. laptop, tablet, desktop microcomputer system • Computer peripherals. E.g. input : keyboard, mouse output: screen , printers storage : magnetic or optical disk drivers

26. IS Resources • Software Resources This concept includes all sets of information processing instructions. Examples of software Resources: • System software Operating system program that ccontrol and support the operation of computer system(e.g. Unix , Windows) • Application software Programs direct the processing (e.g. word) • Procedures Instructions for people who will use the IS (e.g. users manual for using sw package)

27. IS Resources • Data Resources • Data constitute valuable organizational resources. Thus data should be seen as any organizational resource that must be managed effectively to benefit the organization. • Data that previously were captured as a result of common transaction are now stored, processed, and analyzed using sophisticated software applications that can reveal complex relationships among sales, customers, competitors, and markets. • In today’s world, it is very important to store and protect data that creates simple list of an organization’s customers with the same energy as the cash in a bank.

28. IS Resources • Data can take many forms: Traditional alphanumeric data, Text data, Image data, Audio data. • The data resources of information systems are typically organized, stored, and processed by a variety of data resource management technologiesinto: • Databases • Knowledge bases (e.g. facts , rules, cases)

29. Data Versus Information • Data:are raw facts, typically about physical phenomena or business transactions. • Data are objective measurements of the attributes (e.g. the characteristics) of entities (e.g. people, places, things, events). • Information:is data that have been converted into meaningful and useful context for end users. • Data are subjected to value-added process (Data processing or information processing) : • Aggregated, manipulated, and organized • Analyzed and evaluated • Placed in proper context for a human user

30. Example .. Data Information $35,000 12 Units $12,000 J. Jones Western Region $100,000 100 Units 35 Units Salesperson: J. Jones Sales region: Western Region Current Sales: 147 Units = $147,000 Data Processing

31. IS Resources • Network Resources: The concept emphasizes that communications technologies and networks are fundamental resource components of all information systems. • Network resources include: • Communication media (e.g. wire, microwave, cellular , wireless tech. ). • Network infrastructure (e.g. modem ,network operating system, internet browser packages)

32. Basic IS Activities Input Recording -Editing Processing Calculating, comparing, sorting , summarizing Output Messages, reports, forms, image Storage databases Control Feedbacks monitoring, evaluated

33. Recognizing Information Systems • Business professionals should be able to look at an information system and identify… • The people, hardware, software, data, and network resources they use. • The type of information products they produce. • The way they perform input, processing, output, storage, and control activities.

34. Questions ..

35. Resources .. • Read from Chapter 1 (Section 2)