COUNTRY PROJECT Presentations

1. COUNTRY PROJECT Presentations Integrated Assessment of Trade-Related Policies in the Agriculture Sector and Biological Diversity Geneva, 1-3 July 2008

2. OBJECTIVE OF THE ASSESSMENT General objective: Improvement of the contribution of shrimps aquaculture to the struggle against poverty and environment conservation. The problem the project aims to address: Rapid expansion of the sector But Week involvement of the State Lack of national norms

3. FOCUS OF THE ASSESSMENT • North west of Madagascar, on two (2) sites located in the region of Boeny : AQUALMA (Aquaculture de Mahajamba), SOMAQUA (Société Malgache d’AQUAculture).

4. Location of the field cases

5. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Main policy: Plan directeur de la pêche et de l’aquaculture -2004 Objectives of the Plan directeur: • Increase of foreign currencies • Contribution to satisfaction of population’s food needs. • Improvement of incomes and livelihood of traditional fishermen. • Job creation. Likely changes in incentives in the : • Agriculture sector: Increase of production, and exports, • Land use: Extension of shrimp farms, transformation of vegetations on mangroves.

6. Impacts Impacts on the environment, biodiversity and the ecosystem services associated with biodiversity: Negative: Clear cut of mangroves (maximum authorized: 8-10%), impoverishment of flora and fauna (mangrove = nursery for several fauna sp.), quality of water around farms: flux of undesired outputs, Positive: Less illegal exploitation of mangroves, responsible management (flora and fauna inventories, management plans), Secured reproduction des species.

7. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK (cont.) Economic impacts Context: -Code de conduite -SPS agreements Analysis -Decision of investors Plan Directeur 2004 Modalities of exports tarifs: • Cotonou agreements -APE -Liberalization Environmental Impacts Labels -Label rouge -Aquaculture biologique -Ecolabeling WWF Social impacts

8. METHODOLOGY Describe: The baseline : Plan directeur + liberalization of international trade (tariffs erosion) Policy scenario 1: Status quo; No commitment of the State out of the plan directeur. Policy scenario 2: Effective commitment in promoting labels.

9. Indicateurs d’impact • ECONOMIC IMPACTS • a) Shrimp companies • -Costs of compliance and implementation. • - Global volume of salaries for national employees. • -Number of national employees. • -Volume of investments. • b) Local communities • -Job creation rate. • -Incomes for rural households. • c) Nation • -Increase of foreign currencies.

10. Indicateurs d’impact • SOCIAL • -Change in production activities. • -Social conflicts and control. • -Migration (local and regional). • -Accssess to ocial infrastructure and services. • -Social « expressions » (lobbying, social claims, etc.) • -Cultural practices. • -Food habits. • -Demography.

11. Indicateurs d’impacts • ECOLOGICAL • 1) Quantitative • -Extension of bassins. • -Quality et quantity of undiseride outputs. • -Water quality. • -Floristic and faunistic structure of mangroves and other vegetations around. • -Exploitation of timber and non timber products. • -spatial dynamics of mangroves.

12. Indicateurs d’impacts • 2) Qualitative • Occurrence of diseases. • Services provided by mangroves. • Disparearance/appearance (voluntary or not introduction) of species. • Beauty of landscape.

13. METHODOLOGY (cont.) • Public policies analysis (coherence, internal and external) • Environemtal Impact Assessment • Costs- benefits analysis • Multicriteria analysis

14. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS Scenario 1: Liberalization + week commitment of State • Economic impact: tariffs erosion, loss of foreign currencies. • Social impact: Job losses (direct and indirect), loss of social benefits (salary, vaccination sponsored by shrimp companies, etc.) • Environmental impact: non compliance to environmental rules (when control is not strongly required by international context) • Biodiversity and associated ecosystem services: (Over)Exploitaiton of natural resources.

15. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS (cont.) Scenario 2: State involved in creating labels A encouraging individual initiatives • Economic impact: exclusion of small scale investments • Social impact: see scenario 1 • Environmental impact: see scenario 1 • Biodiversity and associated ecosystem services: see scenario

16. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS (cont.) Scenario 2: State involved in creating labels B State helps collective process • Economic impact: Easy access to labels for any economic operator, stability of prices • Social impact: maintenance of job • Environmental impact: Less undesired products. • Biodiversity and associated ecosystem services: Improved conservation of mangroves, controlled illegal exploitation.

17. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS (cont.) Erosion of tariffs without any solution towards international competition (Malagasy shrimps: high production costs, small quantity) Improvement of prices thanks to ecolabeling.

18. POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS Tendencies (hypotheses) - Avoid too high production costs: Incentives for the creation of entrants production units (shrimps food, etc.) - Taxes free Energy policy, - Active involvement in ecolabeling development and implementation, • Identify and treat separately the sectors (Plan directeur 2004 is too global).

19. NEXT STEPS • Impacts assesment (datas collection and analysis). • Improve policy recommendations agreed upon by stakeholders in Tana, June 2008.

20. ACHIEVEMENTS • State of the art of the sector, • National workshop for launching and capacity building, • Integrated Assessment Methodology adopted; • Creation of a monitoring handbook. • Participation of research institute in First Review Workshop. • Midway assessment workshop parcours (Tana 2008).

21. ACHIEVEMENTS Updated methodology. • Conceptual framework • Scenarios • Impact indicators

22. CHALLENGES • Effective involvement of the State. • Understanding and acceptance of the necessity of this study by actors. • Respect of the timeframe. • Access to data. • Appropriation of IA (necessity, methods, etc.) by stakeholders.