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Hydrogen

Hydrogen. Kelley Steitz Stephanie Marker Joe Wolak Justin Propper. Hydrogen – the Element. Lightest element Most abundant element Fuel burned by sun to produce solar energy Hydrogen ion (-1) called a proton Diatomic in nature (H2). Hydrogen – the Fuel. High quality fuel

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Hydrogen

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  1. Hydrogen Kelley Steitz Stephanie Marker Joe Wolak Justin Propper

  2. Hydrogen – the Element • Lightest element • Most abundant element • Fuel burned by sun to produce solar energy • Hydrogen ion (-1) called a proton • Diatomic in nature (H2)

  3. Hydrogen – the Fuel • High quality fuel • Very high calorific value compared to fossil fuels • Solid • Absorbed in host metal • Metal hydrides, Complex Hydrides, Covalent/Ionic Compounds, Hydroxides • Safest storage method • Nano-structures, transition metal-based hydrides • Liquid: cryrogenic tanks • Gas: high pressure gas cylinders • Clean fuel • Combustion produces water • 2H2 + O2  2H2O + energy Gas-solid reaction Dissociation of gaseous hydrogen and penetration/diffusion into the solid

  4. Hydrogen – Production Hydrogen is a SECONDARY energy source, not primary If the electric current is produced using a clean energy source, then the whole process is CLEAN!! • Electrolysis • Electric current to separate hydrogen from water • Most efficient way involves removing carbon from CH4 (relies on fossil fuel and produces CO2) • Also: gasification of biomass

  5. Current Use • California, Europe, Canada, Japan, Israel, India • Hydrogen can be produced anywhere (no regard to national boundaries, therefore location for production doesn’t matter) • Beneficial because pricing is independent of world politics • Hydrogen fuel stations not currently available in Hunterdon County (or New Jersey) due to lack of consumer demand (few in NJ have a hydrogen-powered car)

  6. Positive Benefits • Environmentally friendly fuel (zero tailpipe emissions) • Will dramatically reduce U.S. dependence on foreign nations (can be produced domestically) • Produces no air pollutants or greenhouse gases when used in fuel cells, no acid rain, no global warming, little noise • Produces only nitrogen oxides (NOx) when burned in ICEs • Without drawbacks of short range and long recharge times like electric cars offer

  7. Benefits • You can fill a car with hydrogen in minutes (it’ll go about 250 miles) • Technology is easily adapted to everything from forklifts to automobiles to buses • Benefits even greater when using solar-powered electrolysis to produce hydrogen

  8. Negative Consequences • Even the most rudimentary infrastructure (hydrogen fueling stations) will cost billions • Requires huge government investment • President Obama’s proposed 2012 budget reduces funding for the Department of Energy hydrogen technology program by 40 percent (almost $70 million) • Hard to implement/assimilate without government support • However, implementation is sure to lead to competition (better technology, better prices)

  9. Negatives • Hydrogen has three times the power of gasoline by weight • Highest energy content of any known fuel • Extremely low density • 1 gallon gasoline = 6.0 pounds • 1 gallon liquid hydrogen = 0.567 pounds • 9.45% of the mass of gasoline • 1 gallon gasoline = 125,400 BTUs • 1 gallon liquid hydrogen yields = 34,643 BTUs • 27.6% of the energy in 1 gallon of gasoline • Designers must find a way to safely compress hydrogen in order better compete with gasoline • 15 gallon gas tank holds 90 pounds of gasoline; same size tank would hold 8 pounds of hydrogen

  10. Hydrogen as a Medium • Solar/wind sources aren’t reliable – hydrogen is • Can be used when cloudy, night, no wind

  11. Fuel Cells • “Batteries” – long term storage of energy • Relatively inexpensive gas but expensive car (>$100,000) • $2 per gallon if widely produced • Well below 2010 average price of gasoline in U.S. • Highly efficient, high quality energy • ~70 miles/gallon • Fuels: hydrogen, phosphoric acid, methanol, ethanol, natural gas • Increased second-law efficiency

  12. Fuel Cell Demonstration

  13. Fuel Cell Car

  14. How is this source provided to consumers? • Transported in pipelines, stored in tanks • Transported in trucks • Negative, because more fuel use (carbon emissions)

  15. Transportation • The marble-sized fuel pellets contain solid compound - gives off hydrogen when heated, overcome the historic challenges in using hydrogen as a fuel • Stable and safe compound - can release pure hydrogen gas on demand without toxic or corrosive byproduct • The pellets are incorporated into cartridges about the size of a small, thin soda can - simply snap into existing hydrogen fuel cells that create electric power from hydrogen gas

  16. Economics • Minimizing use of expensive catalyst (key component of fuel cells) will make mass fuel cell deployment successful • The more fuel cells produced the lower the ATC until diminishing marginal returns • Dr Cha admits process of integrating this hydrogen technology will take time • “It’s a long game, a 10-year cycle. Putting the technology in a car means meeting challenging cost, performance and packaging targets but we are seeing increasing interest from automotive companies. They know the era of the internal combustion engine is ending.”

  17. Cost of Hydrogen • If mass produced, hydrogen power would approximately cost $2.00 per gallon (cheaper than the current gas price) • Hydrogen fuel cells are more efficient so you would get more use out of what you paid for it (more mpg; 3x more efficient than gas) • Problem: Building the means to mass produced hydrogen would cost billions (add to consumer cost) • Approximate cost(s): • Gas=approximately $4000-$5000 a year • If mass produced; Hydrogen cost<<<$4000-$5000 a year • Initially; Hydrogen cost>>>>$4000-$5000 a year.

  18. Hydrocell • Our goal is to supply Hydrogen Fuel cells to people who want to become environmentally friendly • We have locations in 10 of the 50 US states….there is no ideal location since hydrogen can be found everywhere

  19. Sources • THE TEXTBOOK  • http://www.instablogsimages.com/images/2007/10/19/solar-hydrogen-technology_7071.gif • http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energy.cfm?page=hydrogen_home-basics • http://www.rps.psu.edu/hydrogen/price.html • http://www.braunforpresident.us/main_topics/pdf/H2%20Production%20Costs.PDF • http://money.usnews.com/money/personal-finance/articles/2008/01/11/hydrogenfuel-cells • http://www.ehow.com/how-does_5491253_hydrogen-discovered.html • http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/images/facts/fotw523.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/facts/2008_fotw523.html&usg=__VPhPThGCtAL53hNbCYUE3wTZHXM=&h=385&w=533&sz=121&hl=en&start=10&zoom=1&tbnid=IxZTAw63o1rc-M:&tbnh=95&tbnw=132&ei=gZiPTdiuG4itgQfys5izDQ&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwhere%2Bis%2Bthere%2Bhydrogen%2Bfueling%2Bstations%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bus%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1 • http://www.wired.com/autopia/2011/03/hydrogen/ • http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/fuelcell.shtml • http://www.ehow.com/facts_7148401_history-hydrogen-power.html • http://www.energy4me.org/energy-facts/energy-sources/hydrogen/2/ • http://www.ehow.com/facts_5962164_power-hydrogen-vs_-gasoline.html#ixzz1HSpfoWjS • http://www.ehow.com/about_6160895_cost-hydrogen-vs_-gas.html#ixzz1HSoe8gYT • http://www.ifw-dresden.de/institutes/imw/sections/21/funct-magn-mat/hydrogen-storage • http://energyofhydrogen.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/h2circulation.jpg

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