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Perceived Self-Efficacy

Perceived Self-Efficacy. NCI: Schwarzer & Luszczynska Presented by Erica Howes. What is self-efficacy?. A “sense of control over one’s environment and behavior” Self efficacy can influence: Initiation of change Effort to make a change Length of change Types of goals set.

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Perceived Self-Efficacy

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  1. Perceived Self-Efficacy NCI: Schwarzer & Luszczynska Presented by Erica Howes

  2. What is self-efficacy? • A “sense of control over one’s environment and behavior” • Self efficacy can influence: • Initiation of change • Effort to make a change • Length of change • Types of goals set

  3. Theories Using Self-Efficacy • Self-efficacy appears in some form in: • Theory of Planned Behavior • Transtheoretical Model • Health Action Process Approach • Social Cognitive Theory • Theory of Triadic Influence

  4. Measurement of Self-Efficacy • Scales for measuring self-efficacy depending on the specific type of self-efficacy in question. • Measuring usually involves a sentence like: “I am certain that I can do xx, even if yy (barrier)” (Luszczynska & Schwarzer, 2005).

  5. General Self-Efficacy • General self efficacy- “broad and stable sense of personal competence to deal effectively with a variety of stressful situations” (Schwarzer & Luszczynska) • General Self-Efficacy (GSE) Scale • 10 questions, range 1-4 for each • Ex) “I can always manage to solve difficult problems if I try hard enough” (Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1995).

  6. Self-Efficacy for Health Behaviors • Health behaviors studied: • Nutrition • Exercise • Alcohol Resistance • Smoking Cessation • Medication Adherence • Condom Use • Preventive Behaviors (Breast Self Examination)

  7. Nutrition Self-Efficacy • Self-efficacy is a strong predictor of nutrition behavior • Can relate to: • Making good food choices • Controlling intake amounts • Self-regulatory efforts • Overcoming barriers Schwarzer & Renner, 2000

  8. Measuring Self-Efficacy • How might you measure self-efficacy for: • Exercise • Alcohol Consumption • Smoking • What factors might influence self-efficacy that could be important to address in the measurement? • Ex) Social, environmental, other?

  9. Exercise Self-Efficacy • Can relate to: • Specific tasks (ex- ability to complete a given amount of running) • Regularity of exercise • Overcoming barriers to exercise • Self-efficacy associated with: • Endurance • Competitive performance

  10. Alcohol Consumption Self-Efficacy • Situational Confidence Questionnaire Annis, 1984, 1987

  11. Alcohol Consumption Self-Efficacy • Controlled Drinking Self-Efficacy • Measured with Controlled Drinking Self-Efficacy Scale (CDSES) • Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy • Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (DRSEQ) • Abstinence Self-Efficacy • Alcohol Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale (AASE)

  12. Smoking Cessation Self-Efficacy • Smoking Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ) • Context-specific: self-efficacy varies from situation to situation • Relapse Situation Efficacy Questionnaire (RSEQ) • Predicts smoking rate: negative affect, positive affect, restrictive situations (to smoking), idle time, social-food situations, low arousal, cravings

  13. Medication Adherence Self-Efficacy • Used to explain adherence to regimens of: • Anti-retroviral medication for HIV • Self-injection treatment for MS • Epilepsy medications • Diabetes- Self-Efficacy for Diabetes scale • Insulin injections, blood glucose monitoring, dietary prescriptions, exercise • Hypertension • Medication adherence self-efficacy scale (Gbenga et al, 2003)

  14. Condom Use Self-Efficacy • Condom Use Self-Efficacy scale- describes “feelings of confidence about being able to purchase and use condoms”

  15. Detective Behaviors Self-Efficacy • Breast Cancer Screening- Breast Self Examination • BSE Self-Efficacy scale measures intention + maintenance • Prostate Cancer Screening • Colorectal Cancer Screening

  16. (Un)related Constructs • Self-concept- “organized knowledge of oneself” • Self-esteem- emotional response to self-knowledge • Locus of control- attribution of responsibility for outcomes • Self-concept of ability- “judgment of competence without reference to action” • Dispositional optimism- “generalized outcome expectancies” • Hope- agency (similar to self-efficacy) + pathways (similar to outcome expectancies)

  17. Locus of Control • Internal or external (I/E) • Internal control of behavior (individual) • External control of behavior (other forces/chance) • A greater internal locus of control can promote better health. • Similar to self-efficacy, but self-efficacy “is also behavioral and prospective” (Schwarzer & Luszczynska)

  18. Thank you!

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