Gao-Chan Yong IMP, China

1. Studies of the high density behavior of nuclear symmetry energy by using the triton-3He relative and differential flows Gao-Chan Yong IMP, China Collaborators: Bao-An Li, Lie-Wen Chen,Zhi-Gang Xiao,Ming Zhang, Xun-Chao Zhang Aug. 24, IWND09

2. EoS of nuclear matter Constraints at high densities have been extracted poorly known especially at high densities B.A. Li , L.W. Chen, Che Ming Ko, Phys. Rep. 464, 113 (2008). W.G. Lynch, et al., arXiv: 090.0412, [nucl-ex]

3. HF with a modified Gogny force: C.B. Das, S. Das Gupta, C. Gale and B.A. Li, PRC 67, 034611 (2003) Single particle potential stiff X is induced to mimic different symmetry energies soft

4. Momentum dependent symmetry potential consistent with the existing experimental data !

5. Effect of the momentum dependent symmetry potential Phys.Rev. C69 (2004) 011603

6. Related probes ①Single/double Phys. Rev. C73 (2006) 034603 Ratio_neutron-rich / Ratio_neutron_deficient ②Single/double n-p differential flow Phys. Rev. C74 (2006) 064617 Flow_neutron-rich / Flow_neutron_deficient ③Squeezed-out n/p Phys. Lett. B650 (2007) 344 Nucleons emitted perpendicular to the reaction plane ④Hard photon emissions Phys. Lett. B661 (2008) 82 Photon_neutron-rich / Photon_neutron_deficient For more : Tsang, Lynch, Di toro, Q.Li, Y.X. Zhang, et al.

7. Phase space Coalescence after-burner+Coulomb after-burner Li,Q: arXiv:0808.0624 1, R_0=3 fm, P_0=263 MeV/c, 2, our predictions on the Au+Au@200MeV/nucleon Z=1,Z=2 flows are consistent with the experimental data.

8. Yields of triton and 3He arXiv: 0906.0939 132Sn+124Sn@400MeV/A, b=5 fm (1) The yields are not sensitive to the symmetry energy. (2) More tritons are produced than the 3He. (3) both mostly at mid-rapidities from the participant ragion.

9. Ratio of triton and 3He yields • The (n/p)_free/ (n/p)_bound is • higher/lower than the (n/p)_system • due to isospin fractionation. • (2) t/3He ratio is much higher than the • (n/p)_free, maybe due to Coulomb. • (3) All are insensitive to the symmetry • energy.

10. Triton and 3He flows (1) 3He clusters show a stronger flow than triton clusters, due to the stronger Coulomb force (2) 3He flow shows more effects of symmetry energy than the triton flow. (3) Both are insensitive to the symmetry energy

11. n-p differential and relative flows To reduce the isoscalar potential while enlarge the isovector potential Neutrons are hard to probe delicately, it is thus necessary to see cluster’s flow

12. t-3He differential and relative flows To reduce the isoscalar potential while enlarge the isovector potential

13. n-p differential and relative flows (1)The larger symmetry energy effects at positive rapidities are due to the more neutron-rich of projectile. (2) n-p relative flow: F(x = 1) = -53 MeV/c, F(x = -1) = -25 MeV/c, (3) n-p differential flow: F(x = 1) = 20 MeV/c, F(x = -1) = 36 MeV/c,

14. t-3He differential and relative flows (1)The triton-3He relative flow is very sensitive to the symmetry energy than the triton-3He differential flow (2) The larger slope of the 3He flow cause the triton-3He relative flow shows a negative slope at mid-rapidity. (3) The The triton-3He differential flow is dominated by triton clusters, thus exhibit a positive slope at mid-rapidity. (3) t-3He relative flow: F(x = 1) = -74 MeV/c, F(x = -1) = -22 MeV/c, (4) t-3He differential flow: F(x = 1) = 21 MeV/c, F(x = -1) = 42 MeV/c, (5) Similar behavior to the n-p flow ! Not very sensitive to the R_0,P_0

15. Summary 1. the t-3He relative and differential flows have similar behaviors to the n-p’s. 2. the t-3He relative and differential flows are powerful probes of nuclear symmetry energy at supra-saturation densities.