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From Muscle to Machines!

From Muscle to Machines!. Industrial Revolution: World History Lecture Notes. A New Kind of Revolution: Dawn of an Industrial Age. I. Beginnings of Industrialization A. Began in the Mid - 1700s . B. Triggered by a 2 nd Agricultural Revolution

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From Muscle to Machines!

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  1. From Muscle to Machines! Industrial Revolution: World History Lecture Notes

  2. A New Kind of Revolution: Dawn of an Industrial Age • I. Beginnings of Industrialization • A.Began in the Mid - 1700s. • B. Triggered by a 2nd Agricultural Revolution • 1. Construction of dikes(Dutch led the way.) • 2. Utilization of livestock manure as fertilizer • 3. Crop Rotation • 4. Invention of the seed drill • 5. Enclosure Movement

  3. C. Population Multiplies => more available workers! • 1. Britain’s population soared from about 5 million in 1700 to almost 9 million in 1800. • 2. Population of Europe shot-up from roughly 120millionto 180 million during the same time! • 3. Unprecedented growth • a. reduced risk of death from famine due to the new food surplus • b. improved nutrition resulted in a healthier population • c. decreased death rate from disease • 1.) better hygiene and sanitation • 2.) improved medical care

  4. 4. Created a larger work force – more workers available!

  5. D. New Technological Triggers • 1. An Energy Revolution • a. Steam engine: powered by coal • b. Steam engine: key power source • 1.) locomotives • 2.) steamships • 2. Quality of Iron Improves • a. discovery/ utilization of smelting iron • b. used in construction of machines, steam engines, bridges, and railroads

  6. II. Britain Leads the Way! • A. Plentiful Natural Resources • 1. Natural Ports • 2. Navigable Rivers • A. water power (water wheels, steam power) • B. canal construction feasible

  7. 3. Rich coal supply 4. Vast supplies of iron

  8. B. Labor Resources • 1. Skilled mechanics • 2. Entrepreneurial Skills / Spirit

  9. C. The Effects of Demand & Capital • 1. Growth of Demand • a. more than just “wanting something” • b. being able and willing to buy something. • c. desire for new, practical inventions • d. boosted by a higher population and willing workforce

  10. 2. Capital • a. Money used to invest in enterprises – business organizations • b. Needed for shipbuilding, mining, railroads, and factories

  11. D. Government • 1. Stability • 2. Strong navy that protected it empire, shipping, and oversees trade.

  12. E. Textile Industry Thrives • 1. Britain’s Textile industry • 2. Inventions speed production – faster, spinning, and weaving machines • a. 1764: Spinning Jenny spun many threads at the same time • b. Presented the unique challenge to produce enough cotton to keep up with England. • c. Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin that separated seeds from cotton quickly in 1793 • d. Cotton production increased exponentially!

  13. 3. Factories emerge! • a. Because new machines were too large and expensive to be operated in homes, manufacturers built long sheds to house the machines. • b. Initially located near rapidly moving streams for water power, they eventually were powered by stream engines.

  14. F. The Transportation Revolution • 1. Turnpikes built. • 2. Canals boom! • 3. Steam locomotives appear and go global! • a. Beginning in the 1830s, canals lost their appeal as steam locomotives made railroads the new preferred form of transportation. • b. Railroads did not have to follow the course of a river so tracks could go places where rivers could not!

  15. d. By 1870, rail lines crisscrossed Britain, Europe, and North America.

  16. All aboard!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! • c. World’s first major rail line, from Liverpool to Manchester, opened in 1830; • d.By1870, rail lines crisscrossed Britain, Europe, and North America!

  17. All that glitters isn’t gold! Be careful what you wish for! Will the Industrial Revolution prove to be a blessing or a curse? Will the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? The excitement of a new era, the blessings of technology abound and are undeniable…. OR are they?

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