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NOx Emission Factors

NOx Emission Factors. Robert Fowler ME 449: Sustainable Air Quality April 2001. Table of Contents. Objective of work Major contributors for NOx emissions Emission factor equations Data sources Summary Recommendations. Objective. Show emission factor calculations Method

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NOx Emission Factors

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  1. NOx Emission Factors Robert Fowler ME 449: Sustainable Air Quality April 2001

  2. Table of Contents • Objective of work • Major contributors for NOx emissions • Emission factor equations • Data sources • Summary • Recommendations

  3. Objective Show emission factor calculations Method Web search and EPA manual foe emission factors AP-42

  4. Major Contributors to NOx • Transportation - gas and diesel vehicles • Fuel combustion - power plants • Industrial Processes - waste disposal/petroleum refinery

  5. Transportation emission equation Driving factors: Emission factor and vehicle miles traveled Equation for emission factor EF = (BER*OMTCF+OMTTAM)*SALCHF*TF • BER - basic emission rate • OMTCF - operating mode/temperature correction factor • OMTTAM - Tampering offset • SALCHF - Speed correction factor • TF - Travel fraction To get the emission inventory: EI = EF * VMT

  6. Fuel combustion emission equation Driving factors: emission factor & quantity of fuel consumed Emission factor: Mass of pollutant/mass of fuel (or output) Boilers - lb NOx/ton fuel ICE’s - lb NOx/hp-hr power output and lb NOx/MMBtu fuel input Gas turbines - lb NOx/MMBtu fuel Stationary diesels - lb NOx/hp-hr power output and lb NOx/MMBtu fuel input Stationary dual fuel engines - lb NOx/hp-hr power output and lb NOx/MMBtu fuel input

  7. Industrial Processes emission equations Driving factors: Emission factor and mass of fuel burned Emission factor: mass pollutant/mass (or volume) fuel • Solid waste disposal - kg NOx/Mg refuse or lb NOx/ton refuse • Sewage sludge - kg NOx/Mg refuse or lb NOx/ton sludge • Medical - kg NOx/Mg refuse or lb NOx/ton refuse • Open burning - kg NOx/Mg refuse or lb NOx/ton refuse • Auto Body - kg NOx/Mg refuse or lb NOx/ton refuse • Evaporation losses - g/drum or lb/drum • Petroleum refineries - kg NOx/103 L fresh feed; lb NOx/1000 bbl (barrel) fresh feed; kg NOx/1000 m3 gas burned; lb NOx/1000 ft3 gas burned; kg NOx/103 L refinery feed; lb NOx/1000 bbl refinery feed

  8. Data Source • Transportation data - EPA AP-42 Vol II Appendix G http://www.epa.gov/otaq/ap42.htm • Fuel combustion and industrial processes - EPA AP-42 Vol I Chapter 1-5, 11 http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch01/ http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch02/ http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch03/ http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch04/ http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch05/ http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch11/

  9. Summary • The major contributors of NOx emissions are transportation, fuel combustion, and industrial processes • Emission inventory is determined by the emission factor times the driving force • Data came from EPA AP-42 manual Vol I & II Conclusion • Still don’t know what the equations are to determine the numbers for the emission factors • EPA website very useful obtaining the emission factor for whatever fuel you need it for

  10. Recommendations for improving emission factors • The uncontrolled emission factors can be reduced by better controls within the system prior to exhaust • The controlled emission factors can be reduced by better scrubbers and filters at the exhaust

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