Sustainable Design Assessment Guides

1. Sustainable Design &Assessment Guides

2. Spaceship Earth All living systems that we know of exist in the biosphere; a zone 5 miles below sea level and 5 mile above sea level.

3. Earth’s Timeline A string one mile long Beginnings of life; 4258 ft from the Present Beginnings of Man; 4.5 ft from the Present Industrial Revolution; .0034 in. from the Present

4. Environmental Stresses Overpopulation Ozone Depletion Global Warming Resource Depletion Loss of Biodiversity Acid Rain Air and Water Pollution

5. Role of the Construction Industry Buildings use: 30% all energy 60% of all electricity Buildings are responsible for: 49% SO2 emissions 25% NO2 emissions 10% particulate emissions Cement production: one tonne of cement results in the production of about one tonne of CO2 Construction waste accounts for about 1/3 of landfill Why Green building? Buildings use 1/3 of all energy and 2/3 of all electricity. Buildings are responsible for: 49% SO2 emissions 25% NO2 emissions 10% particulate emissions Concrete; production of one tonne of cement results in the production of about one tonne of CO2 Construction waste accounts for about 1/3 of landfill Why Green building? Buildings use 1/3 of all energy and 2/3 of all electricity. Buildings are responsible for: 49% SO2 emissions 25% NO2 emissions 10% particulate emissions Concrete; production of one tonne of cement results in the production of about one tonne of CO2 Construction waste accounts for about 1/3 of landfill

6. Green Building Response Green building is design that incorporates improved environmental performance Claims of Green Building have led to systems of measurement BREEAM – British Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method BEPAC – Building Environmental Performance Assessment Criteria LEED – US Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Green Building Rating System

7. U.S. Green Building Council North America’s foremost coalition of leaders from across the building industry working to promote buildings that are environmentally responsible, profitable, and healthy places to live and work. The organization’s purpose is to: Integrate building industry sectors Lead market transformation Educate owners and practitioners “The USGBC is providing a significant and important service to real estate developers by creating standards and guidelines which help companies like ours develop more sustainable environments for our customers, tenants and families.” – James F. Jacoby, Chairman, Jacoby Development, Inc. “The leadership that the U.S. Green Building Council has shown to promote green building is extraordinary, and so important to our future. As the agency that manages space in 8,300 buildings, we understand how big a difference we can make for the environment. GSA supports what the Council is doing, and we are committed to using the LEED rating system in our buildings.” – Dave Barram, former Administrator, U.S. GSA “Our involvement in the U.S. Green Building Council has expanded our knowledge of sustainable design, strengthened our relationships with industry leaders and practitioners, and given us unparalleled access to new products and emerging trends. We appreciate the USGBC’s unique, inclusive approach within the industry and its creation of LEED, a tool that we rely on to educate our clients, design better buildings, and promote sustainable practices within HNTB.” – Steven Reiss, AIA, Chairman, Architecture Services Group, HNTB “LEED is good architecture. It makes sense.” – Robert Kobet, AIA, Hanson Design Group“The USGBC is providing a significant and important service to real estate developers by creating standards and guidelines which help companies like ours develop more sustainable environments for our customers, tenants and families.” – James F. Jacoby, Chairman, Jacoby Development, Inc. “The leadership that the U.S. Green Building Council has shown to promote green building is extraordinary, and so important to our future. As the agency that manages space in 8,300 buildings, we understand how big a difference we can make for the environment. GSA supports what the Council is doing, and we are committed to using the LEED rating system in our buildings.” – Dave Barram, former Administrator, U.S. GSA “Our involvement in the U.S. Green Building Council has expanded our knowledge of sustainable design, strengthened our relationships with industry leaders and practitioners, and given us unparalleled access to new products and emerging trends. We appreciate the USGBC’s unique, inclusive approach within the industry and its creation of LEED, a tool that we rely on to educate our clients, design better buildings, and promote sustainable practices within HNTB.” – Steven Reiss, AIA, Chairman, Architecture Services Group, HNTB “LEED is good architecture. It makes sense.” – Robert Kobet, AIA, Hanson Design Group

8. What is “Green” Design? The goal of green design is to create high-performance buildings. Often called “sustainable design,” it evolved from a variety of concerns, experiences, and needs….. Energy efficiency gained importance during the 1970s oil crisis. Recycling efforts in the U.S. in the 1970s onward became commonplace and came to the attention of the building industry. In the 1980s, the “sick building syndrome” concept emerged and concern for worker health and productivity became an issue. The concern for toxic material emissions also became an issue that needed to be addressed. Projects in water-scarce areas began to focus on water conservation. Early green designs usually focused on one issue at a time, mainly energy efficiency or use of recycled materials. Green building architects in the 1980s and 1990s began to realize that the integration of all the factors mentioned here would produce the best results and, in essence, a “high performance” building.The goal of green design is to create high-performance buildings. Often called “sustainable design,” it evolved from a variety of concerns, experiences, and needs….. Energy efficiency gained importance during the 1970s oil crisis. Recycling efforts in the U.S. in the 1970s onward became commonplace and came to the attention of the building industry. In the 1980s, the “sick building syndrome” concept emerged and concern for worker health and productivity became an issue. The concern for toxic material emissions also became an issue that needed to be addressed. Projects in water-scarce areas began to focus on water conservation. Early green designs usually focused on one issue at a time, mainly energy efficiency or use of recycled materials. Green building architects in the 1980s and 1990s began to realize that the integration of all the factors mentioned here would produce the best results and, in essence, a “high performance” building.

9. LEED BC LEED BC Draft by Ray Cole and Ian Theaker Under review by BC, City of Vancouver, GVRD, BCBC and other stakeholders Harmonizes with Canadian standards and references

10. LEED Canada Sustainable Building Canada Committee Under auspices of RAIC Recommended assessment tool : LEED; technical advisory committee chaired by Kevin Hydes Referring to LEED BC – in process of harmonizing with Canadian standards and possibly “BREAM Greenleaf”

11. Why Was LEEDTM Created?

13. Principles of LEED Ongoing consensus development process involving many stakeholders Begins to define “green buildings” Tool to introduce, promote and guide integrated building design LEED will standardize green design and institutionalize integrated design practices

14. Use of LEED USA: GSA, US Air Force, US Army Corps of Engineers, Dept of State, DOE, EPA, US Navy Cities: Seattle, Portland, Austin, Chicago LEED BC: BC Government, GVRD, City of Vancouver, Whistler Municipality LEED Canada: SBCC endorsement

15. LEED and Market Transformation The primary objective of LEED is to transform existing building markets so that sustainable design, construction and operations practices become mainstream New Construction Renovations Tenant Improvements & Interiors

16. LEED Framework A compendium of green design elements An integrated design structure Designed to capture environmental, economic and human health benefits Created for and based on the North American market LEED is designed to quantify the benefits discussed earlier. These include environmental, economic, marketing, productivity benefits and other benefits. In addition to its individual elements, LEED is also a tool to promote integrated design – it encourages design teams to consider the building and potential design strategies from a comprehensive perspective and to consider the synergistic effects among the strategies and also the trade-offs between them. LEED is not the first tool whose purpose is to define and measure green design, but it’s the first tool to do so for the US market. LEED offers certification to buildings that follow its approach and implement green strategies. LEED ensures that your design and construction will have a lower impact on the environment and a positive effect on the economics over the life cycle of the building.LEED is designed to quantify the benefits discussed earlier. These include environmental, economic, marketing, productivity benefits and other benefits. In addition to its individual elements, LEED is also a tool to promote integrated design – it encourages design teams to consider the building and potential design strategies from a comprehensive perspective and to consider the synergistic effects among the strategies and also the trade-offs between them. LEED is not the first tool whose purpose is to define and measure green design, but it’s the first tool to do so for the US market. LEED offers certification to buildings that follow its approach and implement green strategies. LEED ensures that your design and construction will have a lower impact on the environment and a positive effect on the economics over the life cycle of the building.

17. Technical Overview of LEEDTM Green building rating system, currently for commercial, institutional, and high-rise residential new construction and major renovation. Existing, proven technologies Evaluates and recognizes performance in accepted green design categories LEED 3.0 product development includes existing buildings, multiple buildings, core & shell, interiors, and residential LEED is based on accepted energy and environmental principles and strikes a balance between known effective practices and emerging concepts. The development of LEED was instigated by the USGBC membership, representing all segments of the building industry, and was developed using a transparent process open to the public. The rating system provides a framework to help move the U.S. building industry to more sustainable practices. It responds to the U.S. marketplace and to budgets of U.S. design practices. The LEED Rating System is on a five-year review cycle. Several incremental 2.x versions will be developed and piloted before making the leap to version 3.0 (ETA 2005).LEED is based on accepted energy and environmental principles and strikes a balance between known effective practices and emerging concepts. The development of LEED was instigated by the USGBC membership, representing all segments of the building industry, and was developed using a transparent process open to the public. The rating system provides a framework to help move the U.S. building industry to more sustainable practices. It responds to the U.S. marketplace and to budgets of U.S. design practices. The LEED Rating System is on a five-year review cycle. Several incremental 2.x versions will be developed and piloted before making the leap to version 3.0 (ETA 2005).

18. LEED Rating System 5 Sustainable Design Categories PLUS Design Process and Innovation Rating System Contains: 7 prerequisites 32 Credits with 64 core points 4 innovation points 1 design process point Prerequisites include: Storm water management Minimum energy performance Fundamental commissioning CFC reduction in HVAC equipment Storage of recyclables Minimum IAQ Performance Elimination of Tobacco SmokePrerequisites include: Storm water management Minimum energy performance Fundamental commissioning CFC reduction in HVAC equipment Storage of recyclables Minimum IAQ Performance Elimination of Tobacco Smoke

19. LEED Rating SystemDesign Categories Credits Points 8 14 Sustainable Sites 3 5 Water Efficiency 6 17 Energy & Atmosphere 7 13 Materials & Resources 8 15 Indoor Environmental Quality Design Process Innovation LEED Accredited Designer 69 TOTAL Points Available

20. Technical Overview of LEEDTM(continued) Whole-building approach encourages and guides a collaborative, integrated design and construction process Optimizes environmental and economic factors Four levels of certification LEED Certified 26 - 32 points Silver Level 33 - 38 points Gold Level 39 - 51 points Platinum Level 52+ points (69 possible) LEED defines a threshold for green buildings and introduces a tool to promote and guide comprehensive and integrated building design. LEED is performance-based where possible, compatible with standard design processes, self-evaluating, self-documenting, but not self-certifying. Certification is solely done by the USGBC.LEED defines a threshold for green buildings and introduces a tool to promote and guide comprehensive and integrated building design. LEED is performance-based where possible, compatible with standard design processes, self-evaluating, self-documenting, but not self-certifying. Certification is solely done by the USGBC.

21. LEED Credit Format & Structure Each credit identifies the following: Intent Requirements Technologies and Strategies Offers market transformation and educational information rather than simply a statement of required elements

22. LEED Credit Intent Conveys the goals and objectives of the credit Lists the environmental benefit and preferred outcome Assists in educating owners and building professionals Aids in interpretation of credit compliance

23. LEED Credit Requirement Identifies specific elements needed to achieve the credit Defines actionable items Where practical, includes components of referenced standards and critical compliance issues

24. Sample Prerequisite:Energy & AtmospherePrerequisite 2 Intent Establish the minimum level of energy efficiency for the base building and systems Requirement & Submittals Design to meet building energy efficiency and performance as required by ASHRAE/IESNA 90.11999 or local energy code, whichever is more stringent.

25. Sample CreditMaterials and Resources Credit 4Recycled Content Intent Increase demand for building products that have incorporated recycled content materials, therefore reducing the impacts resulting from the extraction of new materials. Requirements and Submittals Credit 4.1 Specify a minimum of 25% of building materials that contain in aggregate, a minimum weighted average of 20% post-consumer recycled content material, OR, a minimum weighted average 40% post-industrial recycled content material.

26. LEED Credit Technologies & Strategies Includes a summary of recommended technologies and strategies to meet the credit requirements Refers readers to the Reference Guide when calculation methodologies or detailed strategies are available to assist with compliance

27. LEEDTM Point Distribution The five categories are further divided into “credits.” For each credit, the rating system identifies the intent, requirements, and technologies or strategies to achieve the credit. One or more points are available within each credit, and points are achieved by meeting specified requirements. Most categories contain prerequisites. ALL seven prerequisites MUST be met in order to qualify for ANY certification level. In addition to the five environmental categories, there is also an “Innovation and Design Process” category. 69 points total: Sustainable Sites: 8 credits, 14 points Water Efficiency: 3 credits, 5 points Energy and Atmosphere: 6 credits, 17 points Materials and Resources: 7 credits, 13 points Indoor Environmental Quality: 8 credits, 15 points Innovation: 4 points LEED Accredited Professional: 1 point The five categories are further divided into “credits.” For each credit, the rating system identifies the intent, requirements, and technologies or strategies to achieve the credit. One or more points are available within each credit, and points are achieved by meeting specified requirements. Most categories contain prerequisites. ALL seven prerequisites MUST be met in order to qualify for ANY certification level. In addition to the five environmental categories, there is also an “Innovation and Design Process” category. 69 points total: Sustainable Sites: 8 credits, 14 points Water Efficiency: 3 credits, 5 points Energy and Atmosphere: 6 credits, 17 points Materials and Resources: 7 credits, 13 points Indoor Environmental Quality: 8 credits, 15 points Innovation: 4 points LEED Accredited Professional: 1 point

28. LEEDTM Certification Process A three step process : Step 1: Project Registration Welcome Packet and on-line project listing Step 2: Technical Support Credit Rulings Step 3: Building Certification Upon documentation submittal and USGBC review LEED is a registered trademark of USGBC. Only buildings certified by USGBC under the LEED Green Building Rating System may refer to themselves as LEED buildings. LEED is a registered trademark of USGBC. Only buildings certified by USGBC under the LEED Green Building Rating System may refer to themselves as LEED buildings.

31. Integrated Team Design Project team Integrated Team Design Process Schematic Design Phase: Goals set Design Development: Goals articulated Construction Documents: Specific Objectives imbedded in project specifications Project team Integrated Team Design Process Schematic Design Phase: Goals set Design Development: Goals articulated Construction Documents: Specific Objectives imbedded in project specifications

32. Site Plan Description of Project: Surface parking limited to west and east areas of site 4 storey Operations Center near highway Post-disaster building Campus area north of building for staff use One storey Multi-Use building north side of campus area Stores/Annex building at north east corner Gentle slope from west down to east Environmentally sensitive ravine to north (headwaters of salmon bearing stream) Description of Project: Surface parking limited to west and east areas of site 4 storey Operations Center near highway Post-disaster building Campus area north of building for staff use One storey Multi-Use building north side of campus area Stores/Annex building at north east corner Gentle slope from west down to east Environmentally sensitive ravine to north (headwaters of salmon bearing stream)

33. Main Floor Plan Ground Floor Plan Main entrance from north (campus) side Floor area is divided into 4 neighbourhoods focused on the atriums 2 storey lobby Cafeteria Loading area Open plan for future flexibility 4 atria for daylight penetration and venting (e/w shear walls) Maximum N/S exposure Operable windows Punched windows W/E with sun shields at n/s shear walls Access floors throughout Sunshades and light shelves at South wallGround Floor Plan Main entrance from north (campus) side Floor area is divided into 4 neighbourhoods focused on the atriums 2 storey lobby Cafeteria Loading area Open plan for future flexibility 4 atria for daylight penetration and venting (e/w shear walls) Maximum N/S exposure Operable windows Punched windows W/E with sun shields at n/s shear walls Access floors throughout Sunshades and light shelves at South wall

34. Roof Plan External drainage from roof Roof slabs are sloped to minimize slope build-up using insul High volume fly ash (target: 40%) External drainage from roof Roof slabs are sloped to minimize slope build-up using insul High volume fly ash (target: 40%)

35. Daylight Penetration Daylight design High efficiency glazing allows for maximum light penetration Light is controlled by external shades along south wall Light further controlled by internal light shelves – made from off the shelf componentsDaylight design High efficiency glazing allows for maximum light penetration Light is controlled by external shades along south wall Light further controlled by internal light shelves – made from off the shelf components

36. Access Floor & Displacement HVAC Sun Shades Light Shelves Access Floor & Displacement HVAC Sun Shades Light Shelves

38. Computer animation Created for the municipality West Elevation indicating architectural concrete shear walls with punched windowsComputer animation Created for the municipality West Elevation indicating architectural concrete shear walls with punched windows

39. View indicating both sunshades at south elevation and sun shields at east elevation Massive concrete shear walls and footings due to post-disaster design Fly ash concrete: 10,000 cu m conc in the building Normal conc (@ 15% fly ash) with 300kg cement per cu m conc 3000 tonnes of cement; Using 40% fly ash, about 1500 tonnes of cement avoided Resulting in 1500 tonnes of CO2 emissions avoided. How much CO2 is that? It equals about the amount produced by 6000 people driving cars for one year. View indicating both sunshades at south elevation and sun shields at east elevation Massive concrete shear walls and footings due to post-disaster design Fly ash concrete: 10,000 cu m conc in the building Normal conc (@ 15% fly ash) with 300kg cement per cu m conc 3000 tonnes of cement; Using 40% fly ash, about 1500 tonnes of cement avoided Resulting in 1500 tonnes of CO2 emissions avoided. How much CO2 is that? It equals about the amount produced by 6000 people driving cars for one year.

42. Energy Simulations Energy Simulations submitted for CBIP indicate performance at about 69% of MNEC The CBIP Comply program does not credit natural ventilation Actual performance anticipated is 63% of MNECEnergy Simulations submitted for CBIP indicate performance at about 69% of MNEC The CBIP Comply program does not credit natural ventilation Actual performance anticipated is 63% of MNEC

43. Natural Ventilation Natural ventilation: Air enters opening windows Migrates across the floor Rises by stack effect Exits vents at top of skylight High heat capacity of exposed concrete structure allows for night “purging” (cooling) With the resulting reduced cooling loadNatural ventilation: Air enters opening windows Migrates across the floor Rises by stack effect Exits vents at top of skylight High heat capacity of exposed concrete structure allows for night “purging” (cooling) With the resulting reduced cooling load

50. Life Cycle Cost

51. LCA Template

52. Life Cycle Analysis Framework

53. Facility and Material Life Cycle

54. Environment and Ecosystems Health and Welfare Energy Building OperationEnvironment and Ecosystems Health and Welfare Energy Building Operation

55. BEES 2.0 Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability Developed by US EPA Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics and US Dept of Housing and Urban Development Based on Consensus standards Practical, Flexible Designed for Designers, Builders, Product Manufacturers Environmental Performance per Life Cycle assessment specified in ISO 14040 Economic Performance is measured according to ASTM E 917

56. BEES Continued: Overall Performance combines environmental and economic performance using ASTM E 1765 Multi-attribute Decision Analysis Version 2 compares 65 products Version 3 (in development) will compare many more Product manufacturers are invited to supply data and for a fee may be included in the compendium contact http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/oae.html

60. Athena 2.0 Athena Sustainable Materials Institute Version 2.0 is in Beta test phase Whole building comparison Inputs include quantities Output includes 6 summary measures