Ing. Alessandro Pattaro

1. Seminario EIA Università di Padova Novembre 2011The Environmental Impact assessment in the urban planning: the prevention of the hydraulic hazard,the Hydraulic Compatibility Assessment Ing. Alessandro Pattaro

2. Development plan presentation The “EIA” of the urban planning: the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA-VAS) 1 The Water Framework Directive: 2000/60/EC and 2007/60/EC 2 The Hydraulic Compatibility Assessment in Veneto(VCI di PAT, PI, PUA) 3 The Water Master PlanIl Piano delle Acque 4 The River ContractIl Contratto di Fiume 5

3. 1 The SEA - VAS The Strategic Environmental Assessment 2001/42/EC

4. Legal context of the SEA - VAS The purpose of the SEA-Directive is to ensure that environmental consequences of certain plans and programmes are identified and assessed during their preparation and before their adoption. The public and environmental authorities can give their opinion and all results are integrated and taken into account in the course of the planning procedure. After the adoption of the plan or programme the public is informed about the decision and the way in which it was made. In the case of likely transboundary significant effects the affected Member State and its public are informed and have the possibility to make comments which are also integrated into the national decision making process.

5. Legal context of the SEA - VAS SEA will contribute to more transparent planning by involving the public and by integrating environmental considerations. This will help to achieve the goal of sustainable development. In Italy the SEA Directive was transposed into the D.Lgs 152/06. In Veneto the DGR 3262 of 24.10.2006 “Methodological Guide for Strategic Environmental Assessment” procedures and operational modalities is the implementing directive of the Regional Law LR 11 of 23.04.2004 “Rules for the environmental governement”.

6. Objectives of the SEA - VAS The European SEA Directive 2001/42/EC is an European Union Directive in the field of environmental protection, evaluating all those plans and programmes which can produce environmental effects. The Directive wants “to provide for a high level of protection of the environment” and, at the same time, it wants to integrate environmental observations with the elaboration and adoption of plans and programmes in order to promote a sustainable development. In this way it shall be possible to evaluate, according to the Directive, plans and programmes with significant effects on the environment.

7. Objectives of the SEA - VAS The environmental assessment procedure will be finalized to indicate, to describe and to evaluate all those effects which can happen on the environment when plans and programmes are implemented and as a consequence all the alternative solutions which can be realized on the basis of objectives and the environmental plans and programmes areas. According to the European Directive, the assessment can be applied to all those plans and programmes edited in the areas of “agriculture, forestry, fisheries, energy, industry, transport, waste management, water management, telecommunications, tourism, town and country planning or land use”.

8. The environmental matrix evaluation The DPSIR approach identifies the matrix of environmental components (biotic, abiotic, anthropic). One of the environmental component is Water (water management, wastewater management).

9. 2000/60/EC and 2007/60/EC The Water Framework Directive 2

10. Objectives of the WFD 2000/60/EC The Water Framework Directive establishes a legal framework to protect and restore clean water across Europe and ensure its long-term, sustainable use. The directive establishes an innovative approach for water management based on river basins, the natural geographical and hydrological units and sets specific deadlines for Member States to protect aquatic ecosystems. The directive addresses inland surface waters, transitional waters, coastal waters and groundwater.

11. Objectives of the WFD 2000/60/EC It establishes several innovative principles for water management, including public participation in planning and the integration of economic approaches, including the recovery of the cost of water services. The Water Framework Directive sets the goal of achieving a “good status” for all of Europe's surface waters and groundwater by 2015. This is a major challenge, as recent assessments estimate that at least 40% of the EU's surface water bodies are at risk of not meeting the 2015 objective.

12. Objectives of the WFD 2000/60/EC The directive defines “good ecological and chemical status” in terms of low levels of chemical pollution as well as a healthy ecosystem. The second criterion - good ecological status - is an innovative step for EU water legislation. To achieve good ecological status, Member States will have to address the factors harming water eco-systems. Pollution is one, so are morphological changes such as dams built on rivers. The extraction of water for irrigation or industrial uses can also harm ecosystems if it reduces water levels in rivers or lakes below a critical point.

13. How to achive the goals? • Throughout the RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT PLAN, that should be set on four pillars - according to the Hydrogeological Management Plan (PAI), Water Protection Plan (PTA), European Landscape Convention: • environmental restoration (effective connectivity of ecological network, good ecological and chemical status); • public participation (involving all stakeholders); • hydraulic security (evaluation of the impacts caused by global warming); • landscape restoration (land use and social awareness);

14. The public participation shall be encouraged shall be ensured Public participation means giving the public and stakeholders the opportunity to influence the outcome of the plans and then working processes.

15. The public participation Where consultation works well, the public and stakeholders participate actively in the development and implementation of river basin plans. This leads to shared decision-making, where they become jointly responsible for the outcome of a plan. Active participation in development and shared decision-making are not required by the directive but may be regarded as best practice.

16. The public participation Directive 2000/60/EC and 2007/60/EC

17. Objectives of the directive 2007/60/EC Floods are natural phenomena which cannot be prevented. However, some human activities (such as increasing human settlements and economic assets in floodplains and the reduction of the natural water retention by land use) and climate change contribute to an increase in the likelihood and adverse impacts of flood events. This directive requires Member States to assess if water courses and coast lines are at risk from flooding, then to map flood risks and finally to take adequate and coordinated measures to reduce the risk.

18. Objectives of the directive 2007/60/EC Directive 2007/60/EC on the assessment and management of flood risks entered into force on 26 November 2007. All the European countries have to make a Flood risk management plan that should focus on prevention, protection and preparedness. With a view to giving rivers more space, they should consider where possible the maintenance and/or restoration of floodplains, as well as measures to prevent and reduce damage to human health, the environment, cultural heritage and economic activity. The elements of flood risk management plans should be periodically reviewed and if necessary updated, taking into account the likely impacts of climate change on the occurrence of floods.

19. Objectives of the directive 2007/60/EC In Italy the directive 2007/60/EC has been transposed into the D.Lgs. 49/2010. The Hydrological Management Plan (PAI) analyzes the rivers’ hydraulic hazard.

20. in Veneto(VCI di PAT, PI, Piani attuativi) The Hydraulic Compatibility Assessment 3

21. Legal context of the Hydraulic Compatibility Through the DGRV 3637/02 the Veneto Region requires that the planning is subjected to Hydraulic compatibility assessment. Article 3, LR 11/2004 Rules for the Government of the territory (known as new urbanism law) 4. The planning includes: a) plan land use district (PAT), plan of action by municipalities (IP), implementing urban development plans (PUA); b) Provincial Territorial Coordination Plan (PTCP);

22. Objectives of the Hydraulic Compatibility The adoption of new planning projects is subjected to compliance with the opinion expressed by the competent hydraulic authorities, identified by the Veneto Region in the unit of the Regional Civil Engineers. The VCI hydraulic calculations aim to define the design interventions that have compensatory function to ensure the “hydraulic invariance”. The principle of invariance is defined: hydraulic invariance means that the transformation of an area does not cause a worsening of the discharge of the river receiving the runoff originated from the same.

23. Objectives of the Hydraulic Compatibility • The fundamental purpose of the study is to support compatibility hydraulic evaluation, from the stage of conception: • to ascertain the suitability of sites to accommodate the new building; • to consider the interference of the new settlements with present and potential hydraulic disruptions; • to determine possible changes in the hydraulic system caused by new locations or changes of land use. • In summary: the hydraulic study aims to verify the eligibility of the provisions contained in the planning projects, suggesting good solutions in terms of good managment of the territory.

24. Scheme of the Hydraulic Compatibility 1 – Collection and analysis of data 2 – Analysis of precipitation 3 – waterproofing evaluation in areas of urban expansion 4 – Application of a hydrological model (comparison between different methods) Parameters suggested from the local managment authority Hydrological assessment of flow outgoing from the basin study 5 – Comparison of scenarios and evaluation of prevention, containment and mitigation of hydraulic risk

25. Il Piano delle Acque The Water Master Plan 4

26. Objectives of the Water Master Plan The Water Master Plan is a hydraulic plan of a municipality. The Water Master Plan allows: • to identify the hydraulic hazard and malfunctions; • to foreshadow lines of action for their resolution; • to make interventions that can reconcile water safety, environmental quality, urban quality and landscape; • to use innovative intervention approach, moving from emergency to prevention and naturalization.

27. Il Contratto di Fiume The River Contract 5

28. Objectives of the River Contract The River Contract is a negotiated planning design, an interrelated process of strategic planning designs aimed to the revitalization of river basins. The River Contract is based on co-planning, or on a path that achieves a concrete and substantial involvement shared by all actors. The approach, based on consensus and participation, allows to realize sustainable development of river.

29. Objectives of the River Contract • The River Contract is an agreement that allows to adopt a system of rules in which the criteria of • public interest, • economic performance, • social value • and environmental sustainability • are equally involved in finding effective solutions for the redevelopment of a basin River.

30. Objectives of the River Contract • To achive a River Contract means making the transition from environmental protection policies in a broader landscape and environmental managment policy, acting in several areas: • Protection and conservation of natural environments; • Protection water quality; • Prevention of hydraulic hazard; • Protection of the natural beauty

31. Objectives of the River Contract The River Contract becomes the driving force for the dissemination of good sustainable practices and to resolve conflicts between landowners, farmers, environmental management authorities, environmentalists, eco tourists, fishermen, hunters and all other stakeholders. The River Contract leads a process of revision of the relationship between riparian owners, national and local government and promotes the restoration of conditions of law: along the river are widespread situations of lawlessness, such as unauthorized discharge derivations, illegal buildings, indiscriminate and unsustainable use of resources (gravel extraction, water pumping that does not guarantee the minimum vital flow), hydraulic constructions in danger areas

32. River Contract: a revolution For the Region of Veneto the River Contract approach, thank to the involvement of all stakeholders in decision making and the centrality of the watercourse in the planning development of the territory, is revolutionary, rather than innovative.

33. First case: the Compatibility Hydraulic Assessment of Meolo’s PAT Customer: Tepco srl Project: Valutazione di Compatibilità Idraulica del PAT del Comune di Meolo (VE)

34. Geographical context Monastier di TV F. Piave Musile di P. Roncade F. Sile

35. Geographical context

36. The areas potentially transformable

37. The Piave ‘s PAI constraints, hazard mapping

38. The Sile ‘s PAI constraints, hazard mapping

39. The mathematical modeling 1d - 2d The calculation grid

40. The flooding simulation in Meolo

41. The new hydraulic hazard map

42. The hydraulic assessment Before urbanization After the waterproofing

43. Which effects does the waterproofing area cause on the existing hydraulic system?

44. Which effects does the waterproofing area cause on the existing hydraulic system?

45. The surface runoff increases and the stream becomes faster

46. The surface runoff increases and the stream becomes faster To ensure the hydraulic invariance is necessary to create a compensation

47. How to achive the mitigation and compensation measures

48. How to achive the mitigation and compensation measures 1 – to insert a reducing flow device in the upstream section ahead the final delivery

49. Come realizzare le misure di compensazione e mitigazione 1 – to insert a reducing flow device in the upstream section ahead the final delivery (ditch, river) 2 – to achieve a compensation upstream volume

50. How to connect the hydraulic network to final delivery (ditch, river)