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Columbia River Overview Superfund Process Conceptual Site Models Data Gap Analysis

Columbia River Overview Superfund Process Conceptual Site Models Data Gap Analysis. Woodard & Curran Used a Phased Approach Focusing on Analytes and Areas. Phase 1 - Define study area Phase 2 - Compile existing data Phase 3 - Review existing reports Including relevant risk assessments

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Columbia River Overview Superfund Process Conceptual Site Models Data Gap Analysis

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  1. Columbia River Overview • Superfund Process • Conceptual Site Models • Data Gap Analysis

  2. Woodard & Curran Used a Phased Approach Focusing on Analytes and Areas Phase 1 - Define study area Phase 2 - Compile existing data Phase 3 - Review existing reports • Including relevant risk assessments Phase 4 - Screen specific analytes against criteria Phase 5 – Evaluate existing data by area Phase 6 - Identify potential data gaps

  3. Columbia River Sampling Points Focus study area - Priest Rapids to McNary Dam

  4. 1964 and 1976 Core Sampling is Instrumental in Understanding Radionuclide Deposition • Nelson/Robertson completed core samples in sediment at downstream dams • Estimated depositional rate shows conflicting timing; not significant to sediment profile • Robertson completed a total inventory of radionuclide in sediment behind McNary Dam

  5. Estimated Inventories of Radionuclides Behind McNary Dam as Sampled in 1976 Robertson, 1977 Data Value in Curies

  6. Percentage Radionuclides Remaining in 2007 after Half-life Decay

  7. Cesium-137 Concentrations at Depth Intervals Behind Columbia River Dams Columbia River Component Data Evaluation Summary Report – July 2006

  8. Cesium-137 Concentrations Behind Columbia River Dams with Depth Columbia River Component Data Evaluation Summary Report – July 2006

  9. Plutonium-239/240 Relative Concentrations Behind Columbia River Dams With Depth Columbia River Component Data Evaluation Summary Report – July 2006

  10. Cobalt-60 and Cesium-137 Measurements Behind McNary Dam From 1942 to Present Columbia River Component Data Evaluation Summary Report – July 2006

  11. Cobalt-60 Relative Concentrations Behind Columbia River Dams with Depth Columbia River Component Data Evaluation Summary Report – July 2006

  12. Support for Priest Rapids Dam to McNary Dam Study Area • Dam Construction vs. Inventory Radionuclide Production • Numerous studies demonstrate highest Hanford related inventory present behind McNary Dam: • Nelson 1964 – “…measurements… made indicate that extensive ‘permanent’ sedimentation occurs only in the reservoir of the McNary Dam and in the estuary.” • Robertson 1977 – “…the total inventory of radionuclides in the sediments behind McNary Dam, which has been shown during this and earlier studies to be the major reservoir of residual Hanford origin radionuclides in the Columbia River system.” • WDH 1994 – “In all cases the highest concentrations were found in McNary sediments.” • Cooperative Environmental Monitoring Project 2005 – “The concentrations of most radionuclides in the lower Columbia River sediments were similar to background values measured upstream of the Hanford site.”

  13. Green line Hanford Site 100/300 Study Area and Inter-Area CRC Study Area Hanford Reach Cross-Section Study Area Definition West East Columbia River

  14. Hanford Reach Islands • Data Gap focus area includes the islands along the Hanford Reach. Data gaps have been separately addressed for each island based on the following criteria: • Is there a source directly up stream? • Has Island been characterized in previous studies? • Are there potential exposure routes?

  15. Step 1 Step 2 NO Step 3 YES NO Step 4 YES NO Step 5 YES NO Step 6 YES YES Step 7 NO YES Step 8 NO Acquire Data YES Step 9 NO Step 10 No Additional Data Needed Criteria for Identifying Data Gaps Columbia River Corridor 1. Identify human health and ecological screening criteria for surface water and sediments. 2. Compile comprehensive database and review existing documentation for CRC. 3. Compare existing data by media and criteria. Do results exceed criteria? 4. Are detections above PQLs? 5. Is analyte known site contaminant (e.g., COPC)? 6. Do results exceed upstream or background concentrations? 7. Is source and/or migration of contaminant covered under other Operable Unit? 8. Has media and or analyte been adequately addressed in previous study (e.g., previous risk assessment concluded no unacceptable risk)? 9. Is there sufficient data to meet project objectives? 10. Develop DQO document to adequately evaluate the nature and distribution of COPCs.

  16. Step 1 Step 2 NO Step 3 YES NO Step 4 YES NO Step 5 YES NO Step 6 YES YES Step 7 NO YES Step 8 NO Acquire Data YES Step 9 NO Step 10 No Additional Data Needed Step 1a – Identify Risk Screening Criteria • Existing data was compared against applicable risk criteria by media: • 100/300 Area Risk Assessment • USEPA Region 6 • WDOE CLARC • MCLs • NRWQC Note: Region 10 recommends use of Region 6 screening criteria

  17. Step 1a – Human Health Screening Criteria by Media 100/300 Area RA 100/300 Area RA

  18. Step 1b - Identify Ecological Screening Criteria • Existing data is compared against applicable ecological criteria by media: • 100/300 Area Risk Assessment • EPA SSLs • WDOE CLARCS

  19. Step 1b - Identify Ecological Screening Criteria by Media 100/300 Area RA 100/300 Area RA 100/300 Area RA

  20. Step 1 Step 2 NO Step 3 YES NO Step 4 YES NO Step 5 YES NO Step 6 YES YES Step 7 NO YES Step 8 NO Acquire Data YES Step 9 NO Step 10 No Additional Data Needed Step 2 - Compile existing data • Combined three extensive databases • WCH CRC data base • GiSdt Data 100/300 Area RCBRA Data Management web-based • USACE data • Totals • Surface water • 5,832 sample locations • 54,286 analytical results • Sediment • 2,710 sample locations • 40,993 analytical results

  21. Existing Biota Data • Several biota sampling events have been completed within the Study Area. These data have been reviewed as part of this data gaps analysis. • Additional biota sampling will be considered during the DQO process and during the ‘problem formulation phase’ of the Ecological Risk Assessment.

  22. Step 1 Step 2 NO Step 3 YES NO Step 4 YES NO Step 5 YES NO Step 6 YES YES Step 7 NO YES Step 8 NO Acquire Data YES Step 9 NO Step 10 No Additional Data Needed Step 3 – Data Assessment • Existing data is compared to Human Health and Ecological Screening Criteria: • Do analytes exceed applicable HH or Eco criteria? • Yes = retain for further evaluation • No = not a data gap

  23. Step 1 Step 2 NO Step 3 YES NO Step 4 YES NO Step 5 YES NO Step 6 YES YES Step 7 NO YES Step 8 NO Acquire Data YES Step 9 NO Step 10 No Additional Data Needed Step 4 – Review Data for QA/QC • Results are compared to laboratory QA/QC • Are detections above PQLs and exceed applicable HH or Eco criteria? • Yes = retain for further evaluation • No = retain for further evaluation • Was analyte reported in laboratory blank? • Yes = possible laboratory contaminant • No = retain for further evaluation

  24. Step 1 Step 2 NO Step 3 YES NO Step 4 YES NO Step 5 YES NO Step 6 YES YES Step 7 NO YES Step 8 NO Acquire Data YES Step 9 NO Step 10 No Additional Data Needed Step 5 –Site Related Contaminant • Based on previous sampling results or operational history, is analyte known to be site-related? • Yes = COPC and retain for further evaluation • No = not a data gap • If frequency of detection is less than 5% excluded compound; not a data gap (EPA RAGs, 1989)

  25. Step 1 Step 2 NO Step 3 YES NO Step 4 YES NO Step 5 YES NO Step 6 YES YES Step 7 NO YES Step 8 NO Acquire Data YES Step 9 NO Step 10 No Additional Data Needed Step 6 – Background Results • When sample results are compared to background or upstream results, do results exceed average background conditions? • Yes = COPC and retain for further evaluation • No = not a data gap

  26. Step 1 Step 2 NO Step 3 YES NO Step 4 YES NO Step 5 YES NO Step 6 YES YES Step 7 NO YES Step 8 NO Acquire Data YES Step 9 NO Step 10 No Additional Data Needed Step 7 – Covered Under Other Study Areas and Other Assessments • Is source and/or migration of contaminant covered under study area and other assessments? • Yes = not data gap • No = COPC and retain for further evaluation

  27. Step 1 Step 2 NO Step 3 YES NO Step 4 YES NO Step 5 YES NO Step 6 YES YES Step 7 NO YES Step 8 NO Acquire Data YES Step 9 NO Step 10 No Additional Data Needed Step 8 – Already Addressed • Has media and or analyte been adequately addressed in previous study? • Yes = not data gap • No = COPC and retain for further evaluation

  28. Step 1 Step 2 NO Step 3 YES NO Step 4 YES NO Step 5 YES NO Step 6 YES YES Step 7 NO YES Step 8 NO Acquire Data YES Step 9 NO Step 10 No Additional Data Needed Step 9 – Identified as Data Gap • Is there sufficient data to meet project objectives? • Yes = not data gap • No = continue to DQO process

  29. Step 9 – Identified as Data Gap Data gaps fall within two categories: 1. Areas or analytes that have not been previously studied. Example: areas along the east side of the river. 2. Areas that need additional data to meet DQOs development

  30. Step 1 Step 2 NO Step 3 YES NO Step 4 YES NO Step 5 YES NO Step 6 YES YES Step 7 NO YES Step 8 NO Acquire Data YES Step 9 NO Step 10 No Additional Data Needed Step 10 – Develop DQOs • Identified data gaps will need to be addressed. • To ensure data collected meets the needs of its intended end use, a data quality objective analysis will be completed for all identified data gaps.

  31. Human Health Aluminum Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Boron Cadmium Chromium Cobalt Copper Fluoride Hexavalent-Chromium Iron Lead Manganese Mercury Molybdenum Nickel Nitrogen in Nitrate Nitrogen in Nitrite Selenium Silver Strontium (elemental) Thallium Uranium Vanadium Zinc Data Assessment Results – Sediments - Inorganics List of COPCs Ecological Aluminum Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Cadmium Chromium Copper Hexavalent-Chromium Iron Manganese Lead Lithium Mercury Molybdenum Nickel Selenium Silver Thallium Zinc

  32. Data Assessment Results – Sediments - Inorganics Elements That Exceed Screening Criteria Human Health Antimony Arsenic Chromium Iron Manganese Vanadium Ecological Aluminum Antimony Barium Cadmium Manganese Nickel Silver Zinc

  33. Elements That Exceed Screening Criteria and Background Data Assessment Results – Sediments - Inorganics Human Health Arsenic Chromium Manganese Ecological Antimony Barium Cadmium Manganese Nickel Zinc

  34. Potential Inorganic Sources - Sediments

  35. CSM Inorganic Sources - Sediments Irrigation Arsenic Barium Zinc Upstream and Natural Arsenic Cadmium Manganese Nickel Zinc Site-Related Arsenic Barium Chromium Manganese

  36. Data Assessment Results – Sediments - Organics List of COPCs Human Health Ecological Acenaphthene Acenaphthylene Acetone Aldrin Anthracene Aroclor 1242 Aroclor 1248 Aroclor 1254 Aroclor 1260 Aroclor 1262 Benzene Benzo(a)anthracene Benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(b)fluoranthene Benzo(ghi)perylene Benzo(k)fluoranthene Alpha-BHC beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane Delta-BHC Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 1-Butanol 2-Butanone 2-Butoxyethanol Butylbenzylphthalate 2-secButyl-4,6-dinitrophenol(DNBP) Carbazole Carbon disulfide Carbon tetrachloride Cyanide Acenaphthene Acenaphthylene Anthracene Benzo(a)anthracene Benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(b)fluoranthene Benzo(ghi)perylene Benzo(k)fluoranthene Chrysene Fluoranthene Fluorene Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene Naphthalene Phenanthrene Aroclor-1248 Aroclor-1254 Aroclor-1260 Aldrin Alpha-BHC alpha-Chlordane beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexachlorocyclohexane Delta-BHC Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane Dieldrin

  37. List of COPCs (continued) Human Health Ecological Endosulfan I Endosulfan II Endosulfan sulfate Endrin aldehyde Endrin ketone gamma-Chlordane Heptachlor Heptachlor epoxide Methoxychlor 2-Methylnaphthalene Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Carbazole Dibenzofuran Diethylphthalate Di-n-butylphthalate Phenol Pentachlorophenol Fluoride Nitrogen in Nitrate Nitrogen in Nitrite Chlordane Chloroform Chrysene Dalapon Dicamba Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 4-(2,4-Dichlorophenoxy)butanoic acid Dibenz[a,h]anthracene Dibenzofuran Di-n-butylphthalate 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 1,2-Dichloroethane cis-1,2-Dichloroethene Dichloroprop Dieldrin Diethyl ether Diethylphthalate Di-n-octylphthalate Endosulfan I Endosulfan II Endosulfan sulfate Endrin Endrin aldehyde Endrin ketone Ethylene glycol Fluoranthene Fluorene Heptachlor Heptachlor epoxide Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene Isophorone Methoxychlor Methyl isobutyl ketone Methylenechloride 2-Methylnaphthalene 3+4 Methylphenol (cresol, m+p) Naphthalene Pentachlorophenol Phenanthrene Phenol Picloram Pyrene 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Tetrachloroethene Toluene Trichloroethene Trichloromonofluoromethane 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2-(2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxy)propionic acid

  38. Data Assessment Results – Sediments - Organics Compounds That Exceed Screening Criteria Benzo(a)pyrene* Benzo(a)anthracene* Benzo(b)fluoranthene* Benzo(k)fluoranthene* Dibenz(a,h)anthracene* Cyanide* Human Health Ecological Endosulfan I Endosulfan II * detected at less than 5% and are not from on-site sources, therefore eliminated as data gaps.

  39. Data Assessment Results – Sediments - Organics Compounds That Exceed Screening Criteria and Background • No Data Gaps • PCB Discussion

  40. PCB Discussion • PCB results are all non-detect in sediment and surface water • PCBs detection level is higher than screening level • PCBs were used in localized areas at Hanford Reservation • PCB issue will be addressed in the 100/300 Area risk assessment • PCBs have been detected in fish in the Columbia River • PCB congener data may be a data gap – will be discussed during DQO process

  41. Data Assessment Results – Sediments - Radionuclide List of COPCs Human Health Ecological Americium-241 Carbon-14 Cesium-137 Cobalt – 60 Europium-152 Europium-154 Europium-155 Nickel-63 Plutonium 238 Plutonium-239/240 Plutonium-241 Potassium-40 Radium-226 Radium-228 Strontium-90 Tritium Thorium-228 Thorium-232 Uranium-233/234 Uranium-234 Uranium-235 Uranium-238 • Americium-241 • Carbon-14 • Cesium-137 • Cesium-134 • Cobalt – 60 • Europium-152 • Europium-154 • Europium-155 • Nickel-63 • Plutonium 238 • Plutonium-239/240 • Plutonium-241 • Potassium-40 • Radium-226 • Radium-228 • Strontium-90 • Tritium • Thorium-228 • Thorium-232 • Uranium-233/234 • Uranium-235 • Uranium-238

  42. Data Assessment Results – Sediments - Radionuclide Compounds That Exceed Screening Criteria Cesium-137 Cobalt-60 Europium-152 Strontium-90 Thorium-232 Uranium-234 Uranium-238 Human Health Ecological Europium-152* * maximum concentrations reported above Ice Harbor Dam

  43. Data Assessment Results – Sediments - Radionuclide Compounds That Exceed Screening Criteria and Background Cobalt-60 Europium-152 Thorium-232 Uranium-234 Uranium-238 Human Health: Ecological: No data gaps

  44. Potential Radionuclide Sources - Sediments

  45. CSM Radionuclide Sources - Sediments Atmospheric Fallout Europium-152 Upstream and Natural Europium-152 U-234 U-238 Site-Related CO-60 EU-152 Thorium-232 U-234 U-238

  46. Data Assessment Results – Surface Water- Inorganics List of COPCs Human Health Ecological Aluminum Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Boron Cadmium Chromium Cobalt Copper Hexavalent-Chromium Iron Lead Lithium Manganese Molybdenum Nickel Selenium Silver Strontium Thallium Tin Titanium Vanadium Zinc Aluminum Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Cadmium Chromium Cobalt Copper Cyanide Iron Hexavalent-Chromium Lead Manganese Mercury Nickel Selenium Silver Thallium Tin Uranium Vanadium Zinc

  47. Data Assessment Results – Surface Water- Inorganics Compounds That Exceed Screening Criteria Antimony Arsenic Beryllium Copper Lead Thallium Human Health Ecological • Aluminum • Antimony • Barium • Beryllium • Cadmium • Chromium • Copper • Cyanide • Iron • Lead • Manganese • Mercury • Selenium • Silver • Uranium • Vanadium • Zinc

  48. Data Assessment Results – Surface Water- Inorganics Elements That Exceed Screening Criteria and Background Antimony Arsenic Human Health Ecological • Aluminum • Barium • Cadmium • Chromium • Copper • Lead • Manganese • Zinc

  49. Potential Inorganic Sources – Surface Water

  50. Data Assessment Results – Surface Water - Organics List of COPCs Human Health Ecological: Acenaphthene Acenaphthylene Anthracene Benzo(a)anthracene Benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(b)fluoranthene Benzo(ghi)perylene Benzo(k)fluoranthene Chrysene Fluoranthene FluoreneIndeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene Naphthalene Phenanthrene Aroclor-1248 Aroclor-1254 Aroclor-1260 Aldrin Alpha-BHC alpha-Chlordane • Acenaphthene • Acenaphthylene • Anthracene • Benzo(a)anthracene • Benzo(a)pyrene • Benzo(b)fluoranthene • Benzo(ghi)perylene • Benzo(k)fluoranthene • Chrysene • Cyanide • Fluoranthene • FluoreneIndeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene • Naphthalene • Phenanthrene • Aroclor-1248 • Aroclor-1254 • Aroclor-1260 • Aldrin • Alpha-BHC • alpha-Chlordane

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