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Indian Politics

Indian Politics. Nehru Dynasty 1947-1996 Years of Competition 1996-present Two Party System? Two Half Parties? Regional parties?. 1. Nehru Dynasty. Jawaharlal Nehru Indira Gandhi Rajiv Gandhi 1947-1964 1966-1977 1984-1989 1980-1984. Congress Party.

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Indian Politics

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  1. Indian Politics • Nehru Dynasty 1947-1996 • Years of Competition 1996-present • Two Party System? • Two Half Parties? • Regional parties?

  2. 1. Nehru Dynasty Jawaharlal Nehru Indira Gandhi Rajiv Gandhi 1947-1964 1966-1977 1984-1989 1980-1984

  3. Congress Party Manmohan Singh Sonja Gandhi Rahul Gandhi PM President General Secretary of the Party (one of nine)

  4. Congress’ Ideology • Secularism • Socialist economics 1947-1991 • Economic Reform 1991-present • Manifesto for 2009 elections

  5. Congress Dominates

  6. Indira Gandhi

  7. Congress (I)

  8. Congress after Indira Gandhi 1984-1989 1991-1996 Rajiv Gandhi P. V. N. Rao

  9. 2. Years of Competition Factors • End of Nehru Dynasty • Economic reform • Corruption in Congress • Rise of regional, religious, caste-based parties

  10. Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) • Hindutva (Hindu Nationalism) • RSS (Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh)

  11. Others • Leftist parties • Communist Party of India (Marxist) • Regional parties • AIADMK (All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhigam) regional party of Tamil Nadu state • Janata Dal (Secular) (Karnataka, Kerala) • Telugu Desam Party (Andrha Pradesh) • Samajwadi Party (Uttar Pradesh) • Caste-based Parties • Bahujan Samaj Party

  12. Why Did Congress Party Lose its Appeal? • Nehru Dynasty over • Corruption • 1991 Economic Reforms

  13. 1947-1991Socialist Economic Policy • Nationalization • National Planning Commission – 1950 • Five Year Plans • “Hindu Rate of Growth” -- 3.2%

  14. 1990s Economic Crisis

  15. Political-Military Crisis 1989-90

  16. The Reforms • Open up economy to foreign investment • Privatization • Ending government control of economy • Reduce government regulation • Export Processing Zones • Architect of reforms • Finance Minister Manmohan Singh

  17. Economic Results (from BBC News: China and India, Key Facts; http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/guides/456900/456964/html/nn3page1.stma)

  18. Political Results • 1996 Election

  19. BJP Constituency • Elites who benefit from government policy • Government employees • Business protected by the government • Poor who live off government assistance • Anti-affirmative action groups • Hindu nationalists

  20. 1996 Election • Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 160 • Congress Party 136 • National Front 110 • National Front forms government

  21. 1998 BJP forms government National Democratic Alliance (15 parties) PM A. B. Vajpayee 1998-2004 Indian nuclear tests May 1998

  22. 1998 Election • BJP 176 • Congress Party 140 • United Front 97

  23. 21st Century: Congress Regroups Sonia Gandhi

  24. 1999 Election • BJP 182 • Congress Party 112 • BJP/NDA remains in power

  25. 2004 Election BJP/NDA “India Shining” vs. Congress/United Progressive Alliance (UPA) “It is a contest between the Congress…and the BJP that is systematically undermining the very essence of Indian civilization and destroying the very idea of India.” 2004 Election Manifesto

  26. 2004 Election • BJP 138 • Congress Party 145 (UPA 219) • Left Parties 56 UPA and Leftist parties form coalition PM Manmohan Singh

  27. 2009 Election • BJP 116 • Congress Party 206 UPA retains power PM Manmohan Singh

  28. Challenges and Developments • Two parties or Two Half Parties • Regional parties • Can Congress get beyond the Dynasty?

  29. 1. Two parties or Two Half Parties? 272 (273) the magic number! Stability?

  30. 2. Regional Parties • 2009 LokSabha • 2 National parties • 1 semi-national party (CPI-M) with seats in four states • 39 Regional parties

  31. 3. Congress and the Nehru Dynasty

  32. Liberhan Commission Report Narendra Modi Chief Minister of Gujarat

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