1 / 46

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. Image Critique نقد صورة الاشعّه. Lecture No.1 . Image Critique. 1. Image Critique: Image critique is the knowledge required to analyze radiographic image.

albin
Download Presentation

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم Image Critique نقد صورة الاشعّه Lecture No.1

  2. Image Critique 1. Image Critique: • Image critique is the knowledge required to analyze radiographic image. • analyze includes evaluating technique, and the factors that can affect image quality as well as recognizing common artifacts, their causes, and the correlation action. Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  3. The Radiographic Process 1. X-Ray Discovery: • Discovered by Wilhelm Röntgen in 1895 accidentally, when performing experiments with cathode tubes and fluorescent screens. Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  4. The Radiographic Process 1. X-Ray Discovery: • The “light” even illuminated the screen when the tube was placed into a box he called this new type of radiation X-rays. Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  5. The Radiographic Process 2. X-Ray Physics: • X-rays are electromagnetic waves, consisting of photons. Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  6. The Radiographic Process 2. X-Ray Physics: • Energy is given by: Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  7. The Radiographic Process 2. X-Ray Physics: • Energy is given by: Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  8. The Radiographic Process 2. X-Ray Physics: • X-ray characteristics are: • Electromagnetic waves. • Transmission requirements no medium. • Generated by accelerating electric charges. Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  9. The Radiographic Process 2. X-Ray Physics: • X-ray characteristics are: • Velocity it is relatively constant: 299,792.456.2 m/s. • Similar waves radio, light. • Ionize atoms and cells when strike. Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  10. The Radiographic Process 3. History: Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  11. The Radiographic Process 4. Silver Halides: • A silver halide is one of the compounds formed between silver and one of the halogens — silver bromide (AgBr), chloride (AgCl), iodide (AgI), and three forms of silver fluorides. Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  12. The Radiographic Process 4. Silver Halides: • Silver halides are white or pale-yellow material that is sensitive to the light. Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  13. The Radiographic Process 4. Silver Halides: • Silver halides extensively used in the photographic/ radiographic industry to make films for capturing images. Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  14. The Radiographic Process 4. Silver Halides: • The links between the silver and halogen are describe as ionic bonds (Ag+/Br- ions). Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  15. The Radiographic Process 4. Silver Halides: • The electric forces fix the positions of the silver and halide in rectangular 3D crystal structure or lattice. Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  16. The Radiographic Process 4. Silver Halides: Silver halides crystal Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  17. The Radiographic Process 4. Silver Halides: • Silver halides chemical properties are: • Pure silver halide crystals are relatively stable (no chemical breakdown). Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  18. The Radiographic Process 4. Silver Halides: • Silver halides chemical properties are: • Under certain conditions, however it is possible to neutralize all Ag+ to metallic silver (Ag). Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  19. The Radiographic Process 4. Silver Halides: • Silver halides chemical properties are: • This conversion is achieved by donating negatively charged electrons to Ag+. Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  20. The Radiographic Process 4. Silver Halides: • Silver halides chemical properties are: • A chemical which provides a supply of electrons is known as reducing agent (developer). Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  21. The Radiographic Process 4. Silver Halides: • Effect of exposure in silver halides: • When x-ray or light photon interacts with bromide ion, it causing it to release an electron. Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  22. The Radiographic Process 4. Silver Halides: • Effect of exposure in silver halides: • This electron is then move about the crystal, but within a very short time of order (10-11 s). Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  23. The Radiographic Process 4. Silver Halides: • Effect of exposure in silver halides: • It becomes lodged in a low-energy electron trap near the surface of crystal (sensitivity speck). Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  24. The Radiographic Process 4. Silver Halides: • Effect of exposure in silver halides: • Only few hundred Ag atoms per crystal created by this way. This is known as latent image (not seen). Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  25. The Radiographic Process 5. The Photographic Process: • Photograph(y) is a record made by means of light. • Three separate processes can be distinguished: • The formation of an image. Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  26. The Radiographic Process 5. The Photographic Process: • Photograph(y) is a record made by means of light. • Three separate processes can be distinguished: • Recording the image. Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  27. The Radiographic Process 5. The Photographic Process: • Photograph(y) is a record made by means of light. • Three separate processes can be distinguished: • Production of the image in permanent form. Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  28. The Radiographic Process 5. The Photographic Process: • Color, positive picture (A) and negative (B). • Monochrome positive picture (C) and negative (D). Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  29. To be continued ..

  30. The Radiographic Process 6. Radiography: • Radiograph is a record that is made by X-ray (Radiography). Mrs. Roentgen’s x-ray hand Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  31. The Radiographic Process 6. Radiography: • In radiography to produce a radiograph there are three separate processes that can be distinguished: • The formation of the image. A = Hollow gas organ. B = Bone Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  32. The Radiographic Process • X-ray photons transmitted through the structures under examination comprise the “x-ray (or radiological) image”. • The photons are then converted into a visual image by interaction with the emulsion. Principles Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  33. The Radiographic Process 6. Radiography: • In radiography to produce a radiograph there are three separate processes that can be distinguished: • Recording the image. Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  34. The Radiographic Process 6. Radiography: • In radiography to produce a radiograph there are three separate processes that can be distinguished: • Production of permanent image. Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  35. The Radiographic Process 6. Radiography: Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  36. The Radiographic Process 7. Structures Appearance Principle: • Appearance of structure in x-ray film depend on atomic number of the structure itself. Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  37. The Radiographic Process 7. Structures Appearance Principle: • Areas of high atomic number appear (white) such as bone cause of calcium contents. Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  38. The Radiographic Process 7. Structures Appearance Principle: • Areas of low atomic number appear (black) such as lungs when full with air. Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  39. The Radiographic Process 7. Structures Appearance Principle: • Areas in between appear with shade of (gray) such as soft tissues. Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  40. The Radiographic Process 7. Structures Appearance Principle: = appear Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  41. The Radiographic Process 7. Structures Appearance Principle: Negative Radiograph. Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  42. The Radiographic Process 7. Structures Appearance Principle: Positive Radiograph. Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  43. The Radiographic Process Which one is positive X-ray Image??

  44. Lecture No.2

  45. X-ray Film 5. Film Handling and Storage: • Each of the following can have a negative effect upon film contrast. • Shelf life. • Film loses speed, contrast and begins to fog with age. Assistant Prof. Dr. Mustafa Zuhair Mahmoud

  46. Lecture No.3

More Related