170 likes | 229 Views
Tissue Healing and Repair. Chapter 5 or 6. Injury Mechanisms. Force and Its Effects Load Deformation Yield Point Elastic Limit. Forces. Axial Force Compressive Force Tensile Force Shear Force Stress. Skin Tissue. Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous Layer. Skin Injury Classification.
E N D
Tissue Healing and Repair Chapter 5 or 6
Injury Mechanisms • Force and Its Effects • Load • Deformation • Yield Point • Elastic Limit
Forces • Axial Force • Compressive Force • Tensile Force • Shear Force • Stress
Skin Tissue • Epidermis • Dermis • Subcutaneous Layer
Skin Injury Classification • Abrasions • Blisters • Skin Bruises • Incisions • Lacerations • Avulsions • Punctures
Tendons, Ligaments, and Aponeuroses • Tendons • Connect muscle to bone • Ligaments • Connect bone to bone • Made up primarily of collagen and elastin
Muscles • Epimysium • Perimysium • Endomysium • Fasciculus • Muscle Fibers • Myofibrils
Soft Tissue Injury Classification • Contusions (1st, 2nd, 3rd degree) • Ecchymosis (Superficial bleeding) • Hematoma (Hardening of the blood) • Strains (1st, 2nd, 3rd degree) • Sprains (1st, 2nd, 3rd degree) • Cramps and Spasms • Myositis and Faciitis
Soft Tissue Injury Classification cont. • Tendinitis and Tenosynovitis • Myositis Ossificans • Calcific Tendinitis • Bursitis
Muscle Bruises- Grading • 1st degree- Little or no range of motion loss. • 2nd degree- Noticeable loss or range of motion. • 3rd degree- Severe restriction of range of motion. Fascia may be ruptured causing muscle tissue to protrude.
Sprains and Strains Grading • 1st degree- Limited pain, only microtearing of the collagen fibers, no loss of function. • 2nd degree- More intense pain, partial tearing of the tissue, joint instability and muscle weakness. • 3rd degree- Severe pain, complete tearing, loss of ROM, complete instability.
Soft Tissue Healing • Inflammatory Phase (0-6 days) • Proliferation Phase (3-21 days) • Regeneration and Maturation Phase (up to 1+ year)
Bones • Calcium Carbonate • Calcium Phosphate • Collagen • Water
Fractures Closed Compounded Transverse Comminuted Oblique Epiphyseal Spiral Greenstick Avulsion Impacted Depressed Bone Injury Classification
Nerves • Afferent Nerves (Affectors) • Efferent Nerves (Effectors)
Nerve Injury Classification • Tensile forces cause stretching of the nerve fibers. • Grade I: Neurapraxia: temporary loss of sensation and/or motor function. • Grade II: Axonotmesis: significant motor and mild sensory losses. • Grade III: Neurotmesis: motor and sensory losses persisting for up to one year.