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OIE Global conference on Aquatic Animal Health Programmes : Their benefits for global food security Panama City, Panama

Aquatic Animal Health Management in Vietnam and Strategy for 5-years Development. OIE Global conference on Aquatic Animal Health Programmes : Their benefits for global food security Panama City, Panama 28-30 June 2011. Nguyen Cong Dan and Le Van Khoa. Department of Animal Health, Vietnam.

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OIE Global conference on Aquatic Animal Health Programmes : Their benefits for global food security Panama City, Panama

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  1. Aquatic Animal Health Management in Vietnam and Strategy for 5-years Development OIE Global conference on Aquatic Animal Health Programmes: Their benefits for global food security Panama City, Panama 28-30 June 2011 Nguyen Cong Dan and Le Van Khoa Department of Animal Health, Vietnam

  2. Contents: • Vietnam aquaculture: • General introduction • Government support • Aquatic Animal Health Management: • Structure of veterinary services • Aquatic animal health system • Structure • Important and emerging diseases • Strategy for 5 years development of aquatic animal health (2011-2015) • management system; • human capacities and technical authority; • national cooperation; and • international co operations and private sector involvements

  3. 1. Overview of Vietnam aquaculture

  4. South-East Asian borders to China, Laos and Cambodia. • Total area: 330,000 km2 • Population: 85.79 million (2009) • Agro-ecological regions. • 63 provinces and cities. • Warm and humid climate

  5. Natural Resources of Vietnam

  6. Natural Resources for Aquaculture

  7. Red River Delta Mekong River Delta

  8. Family fish pond

  9. Rice fields: 580,000 ha

  10. Lakes and reservoirs: 340,000 ha

  11. Floating cages on river

  12. Rivers and canals: 1,000’s km long

  13. Coastal zone: mangroves, bays, lagoons, inter-tidal areas: 700,000 ha.

  14. Intensive shrimp pond

  15. Model marine cage-culture

  16. Aquaculture Area Distribution (2010) 9.4% Mekong River Delta Red River Delta Remaining Area 19.2% 71.4%

  17. Aquatic Species Biodiversity • 2,030 species of endemic fish • 1,600 species of endemic crustaceans • 2,500 species of endemic shellfish • many seaweed species • 165 species of commercial importance 71 fresh water, 49 brackish water, 45 marine • Major export species: • Aquaculture: Black tiger shrimp (P. monodon), white leg shrimp (L. vannamei), Mekong catfish (Pangasius), lobsters, tilapia. • Capture: tuna, makeral, sardin and some others

  18. Aquaculture and Capture Fisheries Production Year Aquaculture Capture (tons) (tons) 1999 480,800 1,526,000 2000 589,600 1,660,900 2001 709,900 1,724,800 2002 844,800 1,802,600 2003 1,003,100 1,856,100 2004 1,202,500 1,940,000 2005 1,478,000 1,987,000 2006 1,694,000 2,001,700 2007 1,950,000 2,020,000 2008 2,280,000 2,050,000 2010 2,800,000 2,100,000

  19. Aquaculture Fish and Shrimp Production Year Fish Shrimp (tons) (tons) 1999 336,000 57,500 2000 391,100 93,500 2001 421,000 154,900 2002 486,400 186,200 2003 604,400 237,900 2004 761,600 281,800 2005 971,200 327,200 2006 1,148,000 354,600 2007 1,575,000 375,000 2008 1,893,000 387,000 2010 2,375,000 425,000

  20. Shrimp and Fish Production Distribution (2010) 15% 15% 3% Mekong River Delta Red River Delta Remaining Area 18% 67% 82% Shrimp Fish

  21. Contribution of Fisheries • Export value (2010): US$ 5.02 billions • Shrimps: US$ 2.1 billions • Mekong river catfish (Pangasius): US$ 2.02 billions • Others: US$ 0.9 billions • Contribution to GDP (2010): 4% • Job generation: 4.5 millions • Fisheries supplies: 40 % of animal protein in Vietnamese food • Fish consumption: est. 15 kg/capita (highest 60kg/capita in coastal regions)

  22. Government Support for Fisheries • Law of Fisheries: • Aquaculture area planning • Feed and chemicals used in aquaculture • Rights and responsibilities of aquaculture individuals/groups • Ordinal of Veterinary: • develop to animal health law (in process to submit to National Assembly in 2012) • Terrestrial animals • Aquatic Animals: to be included • National Aquaculture Development Programme 224 • for period 1999 – 2010 • National Fisheries Development Plan: 2011 – 2020 • National Fisheries Biotechnology Programme: 2007 – 2015

  23. 2. Aquatic Animal Health Management

  24. Structure of Veterinary Services MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT • DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL HEALTH • Functional Divisions: • - Personnel and Administration • - Epidemiology (Terrestrial) • - Aquatic Animal Health • - Inspection & Quarantine • - Drug & Vaccine Management • - Legislation & Inspection • - Plan (Inter. Cooperation & Sciences) • - Finance Veterinary Drug and Vaccine Company National Institute of Veterinary Research 5 Professional Centers The National Center for Vet. Diagnosis  The National Centers for Quality control of Vet. Drugs No. 1, 2  The National Centers for Vet. Hygiene Inspection No.1, 2 7 Regional Animal Health Offices (RAHOs) Provincial Sub-Departments of Animal Health Regional Sub Departments of Animal Quarantine and Inspection in Lang Son, Lao Cai and Quang Ninh District Veterinary Stations Domestic Inspection Stations Communal Veterinary Team

  25. Structure of Aquatic Animal Health Since Jan. 2008 Before Jan. 2008 Ministry of Fisheries (MoFi) Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development (MARD) NAFIQAVED NAFIQAD Department of Animal Health Directorate of Fisheries 6 regional offices & 57 provincial offices 6 regional offices 7 regional offices ALL seed, feeds, drugs, chemicals and fertilizers used in aquaculture MANAGED by NAFIQAVED Provincial level (Setting-up) Provincial level Under development 63 provincial sub-DAH District Unit & Commune unit or veterinarians

  26. Structure of Aquatic Animal Health Decision 1427 by MARD (JUNE 2009) Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development (MARD) NAFIQAD Department of Animal Health Directorate of Fisheries Quality of fish seeds, feeds and fertilizers Quality of EXPORTED aquatic products for human consumption { Aquatic animal epidemiology and Surveillance Quarantine and inspection of live aquatic animals (import-export-domestic) and IMPORT aquatics animal products (except for human consumption) Drugs, chemicals, probiotics Hygienic practices in aquaculture

  27. Important diseases in Vietnam Aquaculture • White Spot Disease • Area affected accounts app. 10-20% (80,000 ha.) • Taura Syndrome (TS) • No outbreak reported • Positive cases and mortality found • Yellow Head Disease (YHD) • No outbreak reported • Positive cases and mortality found • Monodon Baculovirus (MBV) • Cause slow growth • Positive found 10-15% in seed populations • Infectious Myonecrosis (IMN) • First reported in 2009, No outbreaks reported • Recently found positive cases from imported white shrimp broodstocks

  28. Important diseases in Vietnam Aquaculture • Milky Lobster Disease • First found in 2007, mortality accounted: 80 – 100% • Species affected: Spiny lobsters (Panulirus ornatus and P. homarus) • Causative pathogen: Rickettsia-like bacteria

  29. Important diseases in Vietnam Aquaculture • Enteric Septicaemia of Vietnamese Catfish • Species affected: Pangasianodon hypophthalmus • Causative agent: Edwardsiella ictaluri

  30. Important diseases in Vietnam Aquaculture • Red Spot Disease of Carps • Species affected: grass carp, black carp, common carp, Indian carps,… • Pathogen: Aeromonas hydrophilla

  31. Important diseases in Vietnam Aquaculture • Streptococosis in Tilapia • First outbreak reported in August 2009 in northern provinces of Vietnam, losses up to 90% in the affected areas

  32. Important diseases in Vietnam Aquaculture • Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) • - most serious marine disease in cage-culture/hatcheries, mortality up to 90% in fingerlings

  33. Important diseases in Vietnam Aquaculture • Vibriosis in Cobia and other marine species (grouper, red drum,…)

  34. Emerging diseases • Hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome • First found in April 2011 in Mekong delta • Mortality: average 65% (90% in intensive cultured systems, most heavy losses in Soc Trang province) • Affected species: both P. monodon and L. vannamei • Unknown pathogen (to date) • Clinical signs • … • … • Findings • … • …

  35. Emerging diseases • Hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome • Clinical signs • In early stages of the mortality, clinical signs were almost not clear. • P. monodon died at the age of 20-30 days post stocking (35-45 days age), • while white leg shrimp L. vannamei died at the age of 30-35 days (45-50 days age). • slow growth rate, • loose shells, • and discoloration, • swelled and soften liver, • atrophied hepatopancreas, • occasionally black spots in the necrosis hepatopancreas

  36. Emerging diseases • Hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome: Findings (Prof. Dr. Don Lightner) • Histology: • No lesions diagnostic of infection by the Necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacteria G. {HP-B) or by microsporidians, were detected. • The main pathologies found within these hepatopancreas tissues are suggestive of a toxic syndrome. • The toxin responsible could possibly come from the environment (water, feed, etc.) or from some type of bacteria. • PCR: • ALL submitted samples negative with: • NHP, • Spiroplasma penaei, • Microsporidian: Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei

  37. Other diseases/pathogens of importance • Diseases of coldwater fishes due to importation of fertilized eggs of rainbow trout and sturgeon from EU countries for incubation and aquaculture. • Diseases of mollusks: less research investment • Diseases of ornamental fish: less research investment • Fishborn Zoonotic Parasites: Metaceacaria stages of liver fluke in fish • Diseases of Amphibians: Chytrid fungus? • Diseases of wild aquatic animals: no investment (so far)

  38. 3. Strategy for Development of Aquatic Animal Health 5 years (2011 to 2015)

  39. National strategy for five years development of aquatic animal health (2011 to 2015) • 1) to build up management system of aquatic animal health; • 2) to improve human capacities and technical authority; • 3) to strengthen national cooperation; and • 4) to strengthen international co operations and private sector involvements

  40. National strategy 1) to build up management system of aquatic animal health: • Fully operation from central government to localities; • Legislations and regulations • Sufficient man-power for management; • Sufficient infrastructures; • Investment on: • Development and application of the eradication programmes for important diseases of aquatic species • Strengthen of aquatic animal disease surveillance system base on OIE guidelines • Application of GMP in veterinary drugs production • Strengthen quarantine and inspection of fish and fisheries products import/export based on OIE guideline on aquatic animal health code

  41. National strategy 2) to improve human capacities and technical authority and capability on: • Epidemiology and surveillance, • disease reporting • risk analysis, • laboratory diagnosis, • disease control and warning; • quarantine and inspection; and • drug management.

  42. National strategy 3) to strengthen national cooperation between DAH with: • National Agro Forestry Fisheries Quality Assurance Department (NAFIQAD); • Directorate of Fisheries; • Research Institutes for Aquaculture No.1, 2 and 3 (RIA.1,2&3) • Can Tho University; • Nong Lam University, Nha Trang University; • Fisheries colleges • Private sectors: VASEP, VINAFIS,…

  43. National strategy 4) to strengthen international cooperation: • OIE • Disease reporting • Reference laboratories: diagnostic assistance, supports and consultancies; trainings and education; calibration programmes; and finding new diseases/problems • FAO/NACA • Consultancies, Trainings and education, finding new diseases • Assisting for financial support to strentheng aquatic animal health system and application of OIE standards • WCS (Wild Animal Conservation Society) • CITES • CODEX • WTO/SPS • Privates and Associations

  44. Thank you very much

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