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JOURNALISM AND NEW MEDIA

JOURNALISM AND NEW MEDIA Ari Heinonen University of Tampere ISSS/ INSO 7 September/October 2003 The Aim Contextualise: Give background for understanding what is happening in journalism and mass communication in the Age of New Media

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JOURNALISM AND NEW MEDIA

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  1. JOURNALISM AND NEW MEDIA Ari Heinonen University of Tampere ISSS/ INSO 7 September/October 2003

  2. The Aim • Contextualise: Give background for understanding what is happening in journalism and mass communication in the Age of New Media • Analyse: Outline the relationship of new media and journalism • Focus: Highlight the issues of new media journalism for further examination

  3. The Topics • The basis: Journalism as a changing social phenomenon • Information Society and journalism • New media and changing journalism • Focus on journalistic mass communication

  4. Part OneThe basis: Journalism as a changing social phenomenon

  5. Journalism as a changing social phenomenon • Historicality of the journalistic profession • emergence of journalism and journalistic profession was connected to specific developments in society • as society changes the characteristics of journalism evolve as well • social trends that can be condensed in the term Information Society/New Media, are shaping journalism

  6. Journalism as a changing... • Invention of journalism • Carey: industrial revolution AND "revolution in communication and popular culture”>professional communicator • Chalaby: news became an instrument of competition> publicists  journalists • Schudson: newspaper reporting - a new information gathering profession> paid reporters, organised work processes

  7. Journalism as a changing... • Evolving practices • working practices appear, develop, change • E.g. • reporting • interviewing • investigative reporting • detachment from society represented in the news • strive for the authority of the news

  8. Journalism as a changing... • Detaching professional identity • Forming the identity • "professional" working practises • professional unions • positioning as an object of science • Reflecting the identity • professional ethics and self-regulation (inside) • studying journalistic practices (outside) • ”objectivity”, self-sustainablity, detachment

  9. Journalism as a changing... Reasonings of change 1

  10. Journalism as a changing... • Reasonings of change 2 • Socio-cultural: audience (the public), democracy • Business: ”business like any business” vs. political economy • Technological: outside agent vs. minor variable; two-way relatiosnhip • Professional-normative: personal attributes, professional routines, ethics, norms/values

  11. Part TwoInformation Society and journalism

  12. Inf. Soc. and journalism... • Signs of change: • Technological: "a new technological paradigm organized around information technologies” (Castells) • Economic: ”information/informational economy” (Webster/Castells) • Occupational: occupations emerge, disappear; nature of occupations change • Networking logic: network as a metaphor; new limits for time and space • Cultural: expansion of informational content of every day life

  13. Inf. Soc. and journalism... • Shaping the change • In the past: • Telegraph & railroad  new social processes • Changes in technology, economy, politics  professional journalism • Today: • Changes in the relationships of production, social class relations, power relations • Different society, different journalism?

  14. Inf. Soc. and journalism... • Implications for journalism • New emblem of society • sets the tone • ”Enforced” development • practical consequencies in media • Importance of technology • journalism from technological perspective

  15. Part ThreeNew media and changing journalism

  16. New media and changing... • Topics • new media as technology discourse • concept of new media • characterising new media • technical basis • communication features

  17. New media and changing... • New media as technology discourse • in talk about new media and journalism, technology gives the framework • talking about journalism as a function to technology • technological development has always been present in journalism • new media is not the only perspective to journalism

  18. New media and changing... • Vague concept • used quite carelessly • new? new is always relative • Marvin:“When old technologies were new” • Standage: ”The Victorian Internet” • new media set in the context of old media, but re-form media use and practices • Fidler: ”Mediamorphosis” • ”NEW MEDIA” – will do!

  19. New media and changing... • Defining new media I • Technical basis of new media • digitalisation • networking • computer mediation • Communication features of new media

  20. New media and changing... • Digitalisation • bits and bytes, ones and zeros • ”the development of digital language is likely to have a profound transformational effect on human society”(Fidler) • "We can see the formation of...an interactive, digital hypertext, combining everything from everywhere. All cultural expressions are articulated in this text, in which television programmes, cultural activities, video, music, radio, print, and artistic expressions interact. Because all this is organised in a digital language, it can be mixed recombined, recomposed and reorganised." (Castells)

  21. New media and changing... ANALOGUE PRODUCTION moving image audio text television (movie) DISTIRBUTION radio paper radio-vastaanotin television-set news-paper radio-set RECEPTION

  22. New media and changing... DIGITAL PRODUCTION moving image audio text d i g i t a l i s a t i o n DISTIRBUTION (The Net) newsp. radio wap television RECEPTION digi-tv integrated receiver (”computer”)

  23. New media and changing... • Networking • digitised contents can be transferred via information networks • Computer mediation • information processing • communication • ” the tool of expression ” (Castells)

  24. New media and changing... • Defining new media II • Technical basis of new media • Communication features of new media • multimedia • hypertext • personalisation • multiple channel publishing • location sensitivity / mobility • widened time-frame • interactivity • globality

  25. New media and changing... • Multimedia • text, audio, moving image, graphics  bits • contents can be manipulated • final product an entity with different content elements http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2002/graficos/salud/archivo.html

  26. New media and changing... • Hypertext • ”nonlinear documents in which text nodes are linked to other relevant pieces of text, forming a textual network"(Strate) • depth, context, details in story-telling http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/news/story/0,9830,880412,00.html

  27. New media and changing... • Personalisation • traditional mass media: duplicatedproducts • new media: unique relationship to the content • production of news contents still bulk-work  http://my.yahoo.com/

  28. New media and changing... • Multiple channel publishing • increasing variety of receivers requires that contents are produced so that they actually can be distributed and received using several publishing platforms • problems: different content types have different requirements  IMU2 project

  29. New media and changing... • Location sensitivity / mobility • two-way, multimedia communication settings even while on the move • contents that are location sensitive • http://compcult.media.mit.edu/afghan_x/ • http://www.beyond2000.com/news/Mar_02/story_1344.html

  30. http://www.beyond2000.com/news/Mar_02/story_1344.html

  31. New media and changing... • Widened time-frame • traditional media: instantenous, throw-away • online archives, search agents • IHT > Search http://www.iht.com

  32. New media and changing... • Interactivity • information networks: two-way channels • less clear who is sender, who is receiver • challenges detached identity of journalism  http://www.bbc.co.uk/communicate/

  33. New media and changing... • Globality • global information networks • world-wide audiences • BUT: cultural barriers • many-to-many global communication  http://www.indymedia.org/publish.php3

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