Successor states to the Roman empire, 500 AD

1. Page: 444 Successor states to the Roman empire, 500 AD

2. Byzantine empire and its neighbors 527-554 C.E. • Page: 329

3. The Byzantine Empire After the Western Roman Empire fell in AD 476, the Eastern Roman Empire continued (AD 330-AD 1453). It was called the Byzantine Empire. Constantinople was its capital.

4. Byzantine emperors claimed that God gave them the right to rule (divine right). Justinian was their most famous ruler (reign: AD 527-567). He built the Hagia Sophia and gave his empire written laws.

5. Hagia Sophia

6. Hagia Sophia

7. Dome in the Hagia Sophia

8. Mosque of Suleyman the Magnificent (built in 1550s)

10. Western Europe and the “Dark Ages” goodreads.com In western Europe, the Early Middle Ages (AD 500-1000) is known as the “Dark Ages.” Why? *Literacy declined. *Roman law (judges, innocent until proven guilty) was replaced by trial by ordeal or combat.

11. srhabay.wikispaces.com *Towns declined and crime increased. Latin evolved into languages such as Italian, Spanish, and French.

13. The Franks, the Merovingian Empire, and Clovis An ethnic group, the Franks, became very powerful. Clovis (AD 481- 511) founded the Merovingian Empire and converted his people to Christianity.

14. Clovis

15. Charles Martel

16. Charlemagne and the Carolingian Empire A different family took control of the Franks in the early 8th C. and began the Carolingian Empire. Charlemagne (Charles the Great) ruled from AD 768 to 814 and expanded the empire.

17. Charlemagne (Charles the Great)

19. Carolingian Empire, AD 814

21. Invasions from Muslim forces, the Vikings, and Magyars ended the empire.

22. Division of Carolingian empire (AD 843) • Page: 450

23. The Vikings (Northmen or Norsemen) From Scandinavia. From AD 800 to AD 1000 the Vikings raided lands from Ireland to Russia. They were fierce barbarians who worshipped war-like gods. Bersrkrswere “crazy” Viking warriors.

25. www.pbs.org Excellent sailors; technologically advanced ships; skilled explorers.

26. Images are from google.com Bottom picture shows sculpture of Leif Ericson in Reykjavik, Iceland Explorations: *Eric the Red (Greenland in CE 982). *Leif Ericson (New Foundland in CE 1000).

27. Settlements in Iceland, Ireland, England, France, and Russia. Viking raids stopped. Why? *Opponents responded quicker. *Agricultural output increased. *Converted to Christianity

28. Feudalism Most people were farmers who received protection from wealthy landowners in return for military service or crops.

33. Life in the High Middle Ages

34. Legend of King Arthur

35. The regional states of Medieval Europe, 1000-1300 C.E.

36. The High Middle Ages From AD 1000 to AD 1300 Agricultural improvements led to more food production. Population increased. Towns and trade grew. Literacy increased.

37. High Middle Ages (1000-1300)

38. The Christian Church divided Christian Church splits (schism) into two branches in AD 1054: *Roman Catholic: Bishop of Rome (Pope) is their spiritual leader. Priests cannot marry.

39. Three branches of Christianity

40. Pope Benedict XVI

41. Notre Dame

42. google.com Eastern Orthodox: Patriarch of Constantinople is their spiritual leader. Priests can marry.

43. Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew

45. The Crusades The Crusades (AD 1096 AD 1272) were military attempts by Christians to gain control of the Holy Land (Palestine) from Muslims.

46. Pope Urban II

47. Peter the Hermit

48. Children’s Crusade

49. Eleanor of Aquitaine

50. Richard the Lion-Hearted